Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Uterus During Normal Equine Pregnancy: Preliminary Report in Two Mares

Freccero, Francesca; Toaldo, Marco Baron; Castagnetti, Carolina; Cipone, Mario; Diana, Alessia

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2017.02.011

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In particular, the multifocal-confluent necrosis, as revealed by histology, was significantly associated with a poor outcome for the puppies within seven days from birth. Because multifocal necrosis was the main finding associated with poor outcomes, it would be interesting to detect any alteration of placenta perfusion with advanced diagnostic imaging, reported as safe for use in pregnant mare and bitch [ 36 , 37 ], to have data to predict puppies outcome or plan intensive care at birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?

Sarli

Castagnetti

Bianco

et al. 2021

Animals

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Placenta is essential for the development of the fetus, and its impaired function can lead to a negative outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality). In dogs, investigations on placenta histology and neonatal outcome in healthy bitches are lacking, and a contribution is provided in this study to emphasize the use of placenta histology in practice. Fifty-one placentas from 11 litters were collected during cesarean section, classified according to the litter size (large (L) or small (S)) and the outcome, this latter as healthy (Group 1) or dead within 7 days (Group 2). The placenta/puppy weight ratio (PPR) was calculated, and specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax embedded, and on the resulting histological slides, capillary density (CD) was quantified. Among necrosis, calcification, and intravascular leucocytes, only the presence of multifocal-confluent necrosis (significantly more frequent in Group 2) was associated with a higher risk of death within 7 days (odds ratio = 30.7). Mixed logistic regression ruled out the effect on death both of a bitch and cesarean type (programmed vs. emergency). PPR and CD values were associated with litter size; large litters had lower PPR (p < 0.01) and higher CD (p < 0.05) than small litters. The relationship between PPR and CD was negative and significant (p < 0.01). Necrosis was a frequent finding in canine placentas, but only when multifocal-confluent was it associated with a poor outcome. The litter size influenced PPR (lower in L) and CD (higher in L), and this is likely due to the plasticity of placenta adaptation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?

Sarli

Castagnetti

Bianco

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…CEUS has good application value in diagnosing gynecological diseases, such as uterine fibroids, adenomyoma, endometrial lesions, and adnexal tumors. [12][13][14] Ord en et al 15 reported application of CEUS in ectopic pregnancy and found that CEUS showed characteristic findings in early ectopic pregnancy. The current study aimed to evaluate the application of CEUS in diagnosing CSP and to compare features of CEUS in patients who underwent UAE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in uterine artery embolization treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy

Liu

et al. 2020

J Int Med Res

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Objective The current study aimed to investigate the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods A retrospective study was performed in 35 patients with clinically suspected CSP who requested termination of pregnancy and underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The patients were classified into two groups on the basis of whether they received uterine artery embolization (UAE). The CEUS characteristics of the two groups were reviewed. Results CEUS features of CSP were early enhancement of the cesarean scar and continuous infusion of contrast agent between the gestational sac and cesarean scar. Myometrial thickness in the cesarean scar was thinner in the UAE group than in the non-UAE group by CEUS and transvaginal ultrasound. Myometrial thickness measured by CEUS was thinner than that measured by transvaginal ultrasound in both groups. The parameters of the time-intensity curve in the UAE group were characterized by a faster arrival time, shorter time to peak, higher peak intensity, and greater enhancement rate compared with the non-UAE group. Conclusions CEUS may be a novel supplementary method to diagnose and assess CSP, and to help evaluate whether UAE is required.

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“…Studies conducted on rats in different stages of pregnancy and on macaques and humans have shown promising results in the dynamic evaluation of placental and intervillous perfusion [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], reducing worries concerning the use of contrast agents during pregnancy. Several authors have recently validated the CEUS method in mares and in bitches to evaluate the microperfusion of the uterus during pregnancy and vascularization of the mammary gland during the estrous cycle of dogs without any apparent side effects [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia–Pyometra Complex in the Bitch: A Preliminary Study

Quartuccio

Liotta

Cristarella

et al. 2020

Animals

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In cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)–pyometra syndrome, toxic factors and endometrial remodeling culminate in changes characterized by exudative and degenerative inflammatory reaction. Recent studies on hemodynamic found an increased blood flow and lower vascular resistance in uterine arteries, suggesting color Doppler ultrasound as an adjunctive tool for quantitative assessment of endometrial vascularization during pyometra. The aim of this study was to assess, through contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) exam, the vascularization in endometrial microvessels in CEH-pyometra in order to evaluate the possibility of application in this syndrome. In twelve female dogs with clinical symptoms related to pyometra, B-mode, color Doppler and CEUS exams were performed. In CEH-pyometra uteri, histopathological examination revealed severe CEH and pyometra, immunohistochemical stain with CD 34 confirmed the presence of angiogenesis. CEUS exams revealed a widespread, intense and rapidly developing homogeneous enhancement of the hyperplastic endometrium, with absence of signal only in cystic areas. All parameters of the quantitative analysis were not significantly influenced by region of interest dimension and position. CEUS has the potential to improve clinical not invasive evaluations in the CEH-pyometra syndrome and virtually in CEH-mucometra.

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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Uterus During Normal Equine Pregnancy: Preliminary Report in Two Mares

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?

Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in uterine artery embolization treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia–Pyometra Complex in the Bitch: A Preliminary Study

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