Contrast response characteristics of long-range lateral interactions in cat striate cortex

Chen, Chien‐Chung; Kasamatsu, Takuji; Polat, Uri; Norcia, Anthony M.

doi:10.1097/00001756-200103260-00008

Cited by 83 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Sengpiel et al (1998) and Somers et al (1998) also reported similar e¡ects. Chen et al (2001) also reported another £anker e¡ect in which the £ankers increased cell response at all target contrasts and the amount of facilitation actually increased with target contrast. Notice that, in all these studies, £anker contrast was kept constant for each cell while the £anker e¡ect increased with target contrast.…”

Section: (A) Relationships Between Long-range Collinear Interactions mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Lateral sensitivity modulation explains the flanker effect in contrast discrimination

Chen

Tyler

2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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100

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We used a dual-masking paradigm to study how contrast discrimination can be in£uenced by the presence of adjacent stimuli. The task of the observer was to detect a target superimposed on a pedestal in the presence of £ankers. The £ankers (i) reduce the target threshold at zero pedestal contrast, (ii) shift the target threshold versus pedestal contrast (TvC) function horizontally to the left on a log^log plot at high pedestal contrasts, and (iii) reduce the size of pedestal facilitation at low pedestal contrasts. The horizontal shift at high pedestal contrasts suggests that the £anker e¡ect is a multiplicative factor that cannot be explained by previous models of contrast discrimination. We extend the divisive inhibition model of contrast discrimination by implementing the £anker e¡ect as a lateral multiplicative sensitivity modulation. This extended model provides a good account of the data.

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Section: (A) Relationships Between Long-range Collinear Interactions mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This`crossover' e¡ect should not be a surprise. Electrophysiological studies (Polat et al 1998;Chen et al 2001) have shown the crossover e¡ect that is most commonly seen (from 38% to more than 50% in di¡erent studies) in the collinear £anker e¡ect on single cell responses.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Sensitivity Modulation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral sensitivity modulation explains the flanker effect in contrast discrimination

Chen

Tyler

2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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100

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“…CF input takes the form of high-contrast gabor patches that flank the central target in the upper and lower visual fields; see Figure 9 for example stimuli. Neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that, in this experimental setup, when flankers are presented concurrently with targets but placed outside the classical receptive field, the cell's response to the target is modulated [32,33]. Furthermore, due to the size of stimuli, orientation, contrast, and their wavelength, CF input can suppress detection of the centrally presented target gabor [32,33].…”

Section: Applications Of Id Measures To Psychophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that, in this experimental setup, when flankers are presented concurrently with targets but placed outside the classical receptive field, the cell's response to the target is modulated [32,33]. Furthermore, due to the size of stimuli, orientation, contrast, and their wavelength, CF input can suppress detection of the centrally presented target gabor [32,33]. This paradigm is a suitable testbed for PID measures since it measures the influence of a modulatory input (CF), surrounding flanker stimuli, on performance, in this instance a contrast detection task on a centrally presented gabor (RF).…”

Section: Applications Of Id Measures To Psychophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial and Entropic Information Decompositions of a Neuronal Modulatory Interaction

Kay

Ince

Dering

et al. 2017

Entropy

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Information processing within neural systems often depends upon selective amplification of relevant signals and suppression of irrelevant signals. This has been shown many times by studies of contextual effects but there is as yet no consensus on how to interpret such studies. Some researchers interpret the effects of context as contributing to the selective receptive field (RF) input about which neurons transmit information. Others interpret context effects as affecting transmission of information about RF input without becoming part of the RF information transmitted. Here we use partial information decomposition (PID) and entropic information decomposition (EID) to study the properties of a form of modulation previously used in neurobiologically plausible neural nets. PID shows that this form of modulation can affect transmission of information in the RF input without the binary output transmitting any information unique to the modulator. EID produces similar decompositions, except that information unique to the modulator and the mechanistic shared component can be negative when modulating and modulated signals are correlated. Synergistic and source shared components were never negative in the conditions studied. Thus, both PID and EID show that modulatory inputs to a local processor can affect the transmission of information from other inputs. Contrary to what was previously assumed, this transmission can occur without the modulatory inputs becoming part of the information transmitted, as shown by the use of PID with the model we consider. Decompositions of psychophysical data from a visual contrast detection task with surrounding context suggest that a similar form of modulation may also occur in real neural systems.

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“…Research on the properties of surround interactions has shown that the response of a V1 neuron can be increased or decreased by changing the relative contrast and0or orientation (Toth et al, 1996;Levitt & Lund, 1997;Polat et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2001;Mizobe et al, 2001) or direction of motion (Palmer & Nafziger, 2002) inside and outside the receptive field. However, there is skepticism whether increases in the activity of V1 neurons due to the presence of surround stimuli genuinely originate from beyond the classical receptive field (Walker et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain control from beyond the classical receptive field in primate primary visual cortex

et al. 2003

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Gain control is a salient feature of information processing throughout the visual system. Heeger (1991, 1992) described a mechanism that could underpin gain control in primary visual cortex (V1). According to this model, a neuron's response is normalized by dividing its output by the sum of a population of neurons, which are selective for orientations covering a broad range. Gain control in this scheme is manifested as a change in the semisaturation constant (contrast gain) of a V1 neuron. Here we examine how flanking and annular gratings of the same or orthogonal orientation to that preferred by a neuron presented beyond the receptive field modulate gain in V1 neurons in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). To characterize how gain was modulated by surround stimuli, the Michaelis–Menten equation was fitted to response versus contrast functions obtained under each stimulus condition. The modulation of gain by surround stimuli was modelled best as a divisive reduction in response gain. Response gain varied with the orientation of surround stimuli, but was reduced most when the orientation of a large annular grating beyond the classical receptive field matched the preferred orientation of neurons. The strength of surround suppression did not vary significantly with retinal eccentricity or laminar distribution. In the marmoset, as in macaques (Angelucci et al., 2002a, b), gain control over the sort of distances reported here (up to 10 deg) may be mediated by feedback from extrastriate areas.

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Contrast response characteristics of long-range lateral interactions in cat striate cortex

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

Lateral sensitivity modulation explains the flanker effect in contrast discrimination

Lateral sensitivity modulation explains the flanker effect in contrast discrimination

Partial and Entropic Information Decompositions of a Neuronal Modulatory Interaction

Gain control from beyond the classical receptive field in primate primary visual cortex

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