Contrasting effects of street light shapes and LED color temperatures on nocturnal insects and bats

Energy Efficiency in Public Lighting Systems Friendly to the Environment and Protected Areas

“…Artificial lighting can disrupt many species' natural rhythms and biological cycles [56], and Bolliger et al [57] find impacts on insects and bats about the color of LED light. The study developed by Bolliger et al [58] shows that the electromagnetic spectrum overloaded at wavelengths below 400 nm can trigger changes in migration, reproduction and even animal feeding habits, generating ecosystem imbalances [55]. Furthermore, light pollution can hurt the ability of various animal species to see clearly at night.…”

Bats in the spotlight : Spatiotemporal response of foraging and commuting bats to anthropogenic light at night

“…Secondly, controlling light directionality is important to restrict the light trespass. This can be achieved by changing light design, for instance adapting the light shape, orientation and height in order to protect light-sensitive species (Azam et al, 2018;Bolliger et al, 2022). The third guideline is to limit the lighting duration by implementing novel lighting concepts such as adaptive (traffic-10 dependent) and restricted lighting (predetermined nightly schedule).…”