Contrasting effects of tree species and genetic diversity on the leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch

Barantal, Sandra; Castagneyrol, Bastien; Durka, Walter; Iason, Glenn R.; Morath, Simon; Koricheva, Julia

doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04351-x

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…To date, tree density effects on alpha diversity have received considerably more study than beta diversity. For example, tree species diversity was found to drive alpha diversity of herbivorous insects only in densely planted forest plots and not sparse plots (Barantal et al, ); while reduced tree density and related abiotic effects resulting from urbanization increased herbivore insect abundance and decreased parasitism rate (Dale & Frank, ), indicating taxon‐specific effects. There has been little attention on tree density effects on insect beta diversity, although it is known that for cursorial insects inhabiting trees, minor reductions in vegetation density can represent considerable barriers in connectivity (Adams, Schnitzer, & Yanoviak, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale

Chesters

Beckschäfer

Orr

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim We construct a framework for mapping pattern and drivers of insect diversity at the continental scale and use it to test whether and which environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity. Location Global; North and Central America; Western Europe. Time period 21st century. Major taxa studied Insects. Methods An informatics system was developed to integrate terrestrial data on insects with environmental parameters. We mined repositories of data for distribution, climatic data were retrieved (WorldClim), and vegetation parameters inferred from remote sensing analysis (MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields). Beta diversity between sites was calculated and then modeled with two methods, Mantel test with multiple regression and generalized dissimilarity modeling. Results Geographic distance was the main driver of insect beta diversity. Independent of geographic distance, bioclimate variables explained more variance in dissimilarity than vegetation variables, although the particular variables found to be significant were more consistent in the latter, particularly, tree cover. Tree cover gradients drove compositional dissimilarity at denser coverages, in both continental case studies. For climate, gradients in temperature parameters were significant in driving beta diversity more so than gradients in precipitation parameters. Main conclusions Although environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity independently of geography, the relative contribution of different climatic and vegetational parameters is not expected to be consistent in different study systems. With further incorporation of additional temporal information and variables, this approach will enable the development of a predictive framework for conserving insect biodiversity at the global scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale

Chesters

Beckschäfer

Orr

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Although both abundance and species richness of leaf miners difered among birch genotypes at the tree level, birch genetic diversity had no significant effect on miner abundance and species richness at the plot level. Instead, birch genetic diversity affected leaf-miner β-diversity with species turnover being higher among trees within genotypic mixtures than among trees within monoclonal plots 65 . Some pests can affect birch e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reproduction strategies of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) at post-industrial sites

Franiel

Kompała‐Bąba

2021

Sci Rep

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The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of reproductive traits, specimens’ fertility and reproductive efficiency observed in Betula pendula populations growing at different types of sites (zinc-lead heaps, coal mine heaps and unpolluted site). The leaf biomass and the biometric characteristics of inflorescences and fructifications were identified. Moreover, the biometric parameters of B. pendula seedlings were evaluated for examined sites. Seed-originated trees mostly of age 40 were randomly selected and from each tree, a branches from 1.70 m height and orientation N–S, W–E to the cardinal points of the stem were chosen. In the laboratory, selected soil parameters, the viability of pollen and the seeding value of seeds were analysed. According to the multidimensional statistical analysis the populations of B. pendula growing on post-industrial wastelands represent different morphotypes with lower values of almost all the reproductive traits, compared to the unpolluted birch population. Such traits as the male:female catkin number ratio and the non-embryo seed number were positively correlated with the heavy metal content at the zinc-lead heaps; at the same time these traits were negatively correlated with soil fertility. The fully developed seed number and the mature female catkin number were strongly correlated with the available potassium and phosphorus soil content but also with the leaf number on the generative shoots. The specimens of birch growing in these three habitats did not develop a universal reproductive strategy. Some differences in fecundity, the condition of seeds and the patterns of seed germination were found. The resulting seedling survival is determined by the plasticity of biometric traits, sheltered places for germination, etc. Seedlings that originated from heaps (local gene resources) are more suitable for use in the reclamation of large amounts of waste.

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“…Increased genetic diversity has been suggested to have a particularly strong influence on productivity and community function in foundation species and primary producers (Raffard et al, 2019; Reusch & Randall Hughes, 2006; Wernberg et al, 2018) (Box 1). Enhanced productivity and greater niche availability from increased functional variation in primary producers can in turn affect associated macrofaunal abundance, species richness, and β‐diversity in the wider community and over multiple trophic levels (Barantal et al, 2019; Crutsinger et al, 2006; Hahn et al, 2017; Koricheva & Hayes, 2018; Reusch et al, 2005; Reynolds et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ecological and Evolutionary Roles Of Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evolutionary and ecological effects of genetic diversity are not always clear‐cut. Variation in the effects of genetic diversity on ecosystem function and community composition have been observed between species, on different aspects of community assemblage, under various levels of stress, and over different spatial and community scales (Barantal et al, 2019; Bongers et al, 2020; Chalmandrier et al, 2017; DuBois et al, 2021; Raffard et al, 2019). Furthermore, epigenetic influences from variation in the present‐ and past‐generation environments have also been found to add to functional diversity within species, complicating the estimation of contributions from genetic diversity to ecological function and adaptation (Bogan et al, 2020; Nguyen et al, 2020; Puy et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ecological and Evolutionary Roles Of Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting a course for genetic diversity in the UN Decade of Ocean Science

Thomson

Archer

Coleman

et al. 2021

Evolutionary Applications

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The health of the world's oceans is intrinsically linked to the biodiversity of the ecosystems they sustain. The importance of protecting and maintaining ocean biodiversity has been affirmed through the setting of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the ocean for society's continuing needs. The decade beginning 2021–2030 has additionally been declared as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This program aims to maximize the benefits of ocean science to the management, conservation, and sustainable development of the marine environment by facilitating communication and cooperation at the science–policy interface. A central principle of the program is the conservation of species and ecosystem components of biodiversity. However, a significant omission from the draft version of the Decade of Ocean Science Implementation Plan is the acknowledgment of the importance of monitoring and maintaining genetic biodiversity within species. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of genetic diversity to adaptive capacity, evolutionary potential, community function, and resilience within populations, as well as highlighting some of the major threats to genetic diversity in the marine environment from direct human impacts and the effects of global climate change. We then highlight the significance of ocean genetic diversity to a diverse range of socioeconomic factors in the marine environment, including marine industries, welfare and leisure pursuits, coastal communities, and wider society. Genetic biodiversity in the ocean, and its monitoring and maintenance, is then discussed with respect to its integral role in the successful realization of the 2030 vision for the Decade of Ocean Science. Finally, we suggest how ocean genetic diversity might be better integrated into biodiversity management practices through the continued interaction between environmental managers and scientists, as well as through key leverage points in industry requirements for Blue Capital financing and social responsibility.

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Contrasting effects of tree species and genetic diversity on the leaf-miner communities associated with silver birch

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale

Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale

Reproduction strategies of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) at post-industrial sites

Charting a course for genetic diversity in the UN Decade of Ocean Science

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