Contrasting magmatic evolutions of the Three Sister Volcanoes reflect increased heat flow, crustal melting and silicic magmatism in the Central Oregon Cascade Arc

Parker, Don F.; Price, Jonathan D.; Brooks, Cynthia B.; Ren, Minghua

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121294

Chemical Geology

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121294

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Contrasting magmatic evolutions of the Three Sister Volcanoes reflect increased heat flow, crustal melting and silicic magmatism in the Central Oregon Cascade Arc

Don F. Parker

Jonathan D. Price

Cynthia B. Brooks

et al.

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2024

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Zircon Constraints on the Eruptive Sequence and Magma Evolution of Rhyolites at South Sister Volcano, Oregon

Dechert,

Andersen,

Dufek

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We present 230Th‐238U crystallization ages and trace element compositions for zircons spanning the late Pleistocene to Holocene rhyolite eruptive record at South Sister volcano in the central Oregon Cascade Range. Most zircon ages are between 100 and 20 ka, with very few in secular equilibrium (>350 ka). The weighted mean of zircon ages for the two oldest South Sister rhyolites, 31.5 ± 2.1 and 39.1 ± 2.4 ka, are significantly younger than the associated 40Ar/39Ar ages, 47.4 ± 9.7 and 51.4 ± 9.7 ka. We propose that these 40Ar/39Ar dates, performed on plagioclase separates, are compromised by a subtle amount of excess Ar and therefore the younger weighted mean zircon ages yield more reliable eruption ages. These results imply that the interval of rhyolite eruption at South Sister during the late Pleistocene was both shorter and more productive than previously thought and that eruption at South Sister initiated after Middle Sister. Compositionally, zircons from the Pleistocene rhyolites are broadly similar and show down‐temperature zircon and plagioclase crystallization trends. However, we argue that destabilized amphibole and titanite in a common mush also exert leverage on the Pleistocene zircon trace element compositions. Divergence in the Eu/Eu* ratio between the Pleistocene and Holocene lavas implies chemically distinct magma reservoirs originating from the Pleistocene rhyolite eruptive sequence and the Holocene eruptive sequence. This work suggests a higher flux of rhyolite volcanism than previously thought and characterizes magmatic storage distinctions between the Pleistocene and Holocene rhyolites, aiding in the assessment of future eruptive hazards at South Sister volcano.

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Zircon Constraints on the Eruptive Sequence and Magma Evolution of Rhyolites at South Sister Volcano, Oregon

Dechert,

Andersen,

Dufek

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Contrasting magmatic evolutions of the Three Sister Volcanoes reflect increased heat flow, crustal melting and silicic magmatism in the Central Oregon Cascade Arc

Cited by 1 publication

References 52 publications

Zircon Constraints on the Eruptive Sequence and Magma Evolution of Rhyolites at South Sister Volcano, Oregon

Zircon Constraints on the Eruptive Sequence and Magma Evolution of Rhyolites at South Sister Volcano, Oregon

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