“…However, it is largely ineffective because manufacturers resist negotiating the price a second time at local level, partly because this could lead to decreases in the price fixed at national level [14]. Furthermore, reimbursement of medicines from the Liste en sus is governed by an agreement for proper use (Contrat de Bon Usage des médicaments, CBU), which is established between the hospital and the regional health agency (Agence Régionale de Santé, ARS) [15,16]. The agreement covers a period of 3-5 years and the hospital undertakes specific commitments regarding medicines from the list, such as nominative prescription and dispensation, prescription traceability in medical records, individual consumption monitored by the hospital pharmacists, and use of the medicines according to the RBU.…”