“…Corrosion causes a decrease in the cross-section of the steel reinforcement (Berrocal, 2015), which negatively influences the mechanical characteristics of the concrete reinforced with steel bars and the SFRC. Besides, it is essential to say that the corrosion process affects not only the reinforcement but also the concrete that surrounds them; this is due to the formation of corrosion products, which accumulate at the steel-concrete interface, and as the volume increases, internal pressures originate that cause cracking of the concrete, a process known as spalling (Simões & Santo, 2019), which in turn increases the corrosion rate and thereby causes changes in its mechanical properties, including maximum load and residual resistance (Berrocal et al, 2017;Paul et al, 2020). According to Abbas et al (2014), the penetration of chlorides in tunnel walls causes the corrosion of the reinforcement, thus reducing its load capacity.…”