Contribution analysis of vehicle exterior noise with operational transfer path analysis

Putner, J.; Lohrmann, Martin; Fastl, H.

doi:10.1121/1.4800420

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The HVAC components were considered based on the contributions estimation as described by Thawani et al The noise measurement was carried out using a microphone (BSWA, type: MA231). The microphone was placed at a distance of 10 cm from the HVAC components with an offset of 10 cm, as experimented by Putner et al (2013). For the vehicle system in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Acoustics

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Mazlan

Hamdan

et al. 2021

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Heating, ventilation and air conditional (HVAC) system provides a cold ventilation for the comfort of the driver and passengers in a vehicle. However, the vibration induced by the HVAC contributes to a reasonable level of noise emission, and hissing is one of the critical noises. So far, the characterization of hissing noise from the vehicle is least to be reported compared to other type of noises. Hence, this paper investigates the occurrence of hissing noise from several HVAC components. A lab-scale HVAC system was developed to imitate the real-time operations of the vehicle HVAC system. Two engine conditions, namely as ambient and operating conditions, were tested at speed of 850 rpm and 850-1400 rpm, with the blower speed maintained constantly at one level. The result shows that the hissing noise from the labscale HVAC was produced at frequency range of 4000-6000 Hz. The finding also highlights that the main component contributors of noise emission are an evaporator and a thermal expansion valve. The validation with a real vehicle system showed a good consensus whereby the hissing noise was produced at the similar operating frequency ranges. Also, the hissing noise was found to be louder when in an operating condition which could be taken into consideration by the vehicle manufacturers to improve the HVAC design.

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Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Acoustics

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Mazlan

Hamdan

et al. 2021

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“…The influence of the correlation between the input reference points on the accuracy of the transfer function was explored and the results showed that the more accurate transfer function can be obtained by CTC. Putner et al [14,15] used the artificial excitation on the vehicle, analyzed and found out the contribution of the noise sources. Roozen and Leclère [16] used hammer strikes as input signals of OTPA method, which could reduce the crosstalk between the input signals and save the time compared with the actual input condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into high-speed train interior noise with operational transfer path analysis method

Zhu

Deng

et al. 2021

Rail. Eng. Science

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Passengers' demands for riding comfort have been getting higher and higher as the high-speed railway develops. Scientific methods to analyze the interior noise of the high-speed train are needed and the operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) method provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the noise control of the train and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional method, which has high test efficiency and can be carried out during the working state of the targeted machine. The OTPA model is established from the aspects of "path reference point-target point" and "sound source reference point-target point". As for the mechanism of the noise transmission path, an assumption is made that the direct sound propagation is ignored, and the symmetric sound source and the symmetric path are merged. Using the operational test data and the OTPA method, combined with the results of spherical array sound source identification, the path contribution and sound source contribution of the interior noise are analyzed, respectively, from aspects of the total value and spectrum. The results show that the OTPA conforms to the calculation results of the spherical array sound source identification. At low speed, the contribution of the floor path and the contribution of the bogie sources are dominant. When the speed is greater than 300 km/h, the contribution of the roof path is dominant. Moreover, for the carriage with a pantograph, the lifted pantograph is an obvious source. The noise from the exterior sources of the train transfer into the interior mainly through the form of structural excitation, and the contribution of air excitation is non-significant. Certain analyses of train parts provide guides for the interior noise control.

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“…In [9], the acoustic transfer path analysis described above was used to estimate tyre noise and was proven very practical due to the small number of microphones needed close to the tyres to capture the near field spectra. This work served as the basis for a few similar studies [10][11][12] utilising the inverse methodology, while an alternative power-based approach was introduced in [13] and was shown to produce good results. A very similar concept was also used in [14,15], where the need for regularisation in the inverse method was first introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-based application of frequency-averaged 𝓁₁-norm regularisation technique for the synthesis of accelerating indoor tyre pass-by noise

et al. 2021

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Pass-by noise contribution analysis is an engineering procedure employed to estimate the contributions from various noise sources on a vehicle to the overall sound pressure level. This can be realised by placing a set of microphones close to the various sources to estimate their source strengths and then synthesising the response at a far-field linear array in the presence of the remaining sources. The results described in this paper rely on measured near-field pressure data close to the tyres of an electric vehicle under accelerating conditions. The number and position of the estimated virtual source strengths used is a compromise between complexity and accuracy, which has previously been addressed mostly empirically. A power-based, frequency-averaged 𝓁1-norm regularisation technique is investigated to optimise the equivalent source position and strength for one operating tyre and, subsequently, the far-field pass-by noise pressure estimates. It is shown that for the tyre under investigation, optimising the positions of only two equivalent sources over the frequency range of interest gives a good representation of the measured far-field spectra.

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Contribution analysis of vehicle exterior noise with operational transfer path analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Archives of Acoustics

Archives of Acoustics

An investigation into high-speed train interior noise with operational transfer path analysis method

Power-based application of frequency-averaged 𝓁₁-norm regularisation technique for the synthesis of accelerating indoor tyre pass-by noise

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Contribution analysis of vehicle exterior noise with operational transfer path analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Archives of Acoustics

Archives of Acoustics

An investigation into high-speed train interior noise with operational transfer path analysis method

Power-based application of frequency-averaged 𝓁1-norm regularisation technique for the synthesis of accelerating indoor tyre pass-by noise

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Power-based application of frequency-averaged 𝓁₁-norm regularisation technique for the synthesis of accelerating indoor tyre pass-by noise