Contribution of chromosomal polymorphisms to the G‐matrix of<i>Mimulus guttatus</i>

Scoville, Alison; Lee, Young Wha; Willis, John H.; Kelly, John K.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02947.x

Cited by 38 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Recent work suggests that chromosomal rearrangements have important roles in the evolution of reproductive isolation between sister species (Fishman et al, 2013) and in the maintenance of within-species (Lowry and Willis, 2010) and even within-population (Fishman and Saunders, 2008;Lee, 2009;Scoville et al, 2009) phenotypic variation in Mimulus. Linking the processes that drive recent chromosomal evolution with the larger-scale patterns revealed by genomic and genetic map comparisons holds great promise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both groups of monkeyflowers have been model systems for understanding speciation for nearly five decades and were among the first wild plants investigated with linkage and quantitative trait loci mapping approaches (Bradshaw et al, 1995;Fishman et al, 2001). The two species complexes remain models for understanding both chromosomal (Fishman and Saunders, 2008;Scoville et al, 2009;Lowry and Willis, 2010;Fishman et al, 2013) and genic contributions to the maintenance of fitness variation and the development of species barriers. More recently, whole-genome sequence from M. guttatus (http: //www.Phytozome.net/) has facilitated candidate gene, fine mapping and positional cloning approaches to investigate the molecular basis of population differentiation and species divergence in Mimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative linkage maps suggest that fission, not polyploidy, underlies near-doubling of chromosome number within monkeyflowers (Mimulus; Phrymaceae)

Fishman

et al. 2014

Heredity

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Changes in chromosome number and structure are important contributors to adaptation, speciation and macroevolution. In flowering plants, polyploidy and subsequent reductions in chromosome number by fusion are major sources of chromosomal evolution, but chromosome number increase by fission has been relatively unexplored. Here, we use comparative linkage mapping with gene-based markers to reconstruct chromosomal synteny within the model flowering plant genus Mimulus (monkeyflowers). Two sections of the genus with haploid numbers X14 have been inferred to be relatively recent polyploids because they are phylogenetically nested within numerous taxa with low base numbers (n ¼ 8-10). We combined multiple data sets to build integrated genetic maps of the M. guttatus species complex (section Simiolus, n ¼ 14) and the M. lewisii group (section Erythranthe; n ¼ 8), and then aligned the two integrated maps using 4100 shared markers. We observed strong segmental synteny between M. lewisii and M. guttatus maps, with essentially 1-to-1 correspondence across each of 16 chromosomal blocks. Assuming that the M. lewisii (and widespread) base number of 8 is ancestral, reconstruction of 14 M. guttatus chromosomes requires at least eight fission events (likely shared by Simiolus and sister section Paradanthus (n ¼ 16)), plus two fusion events. This apparent burst of fission in the yellow monkeyflower lineages raises new questions about mechanisms and consequences of chromosomal fission in plants. Our comparative maps also provide insight into the origins of a chromosome exhibiting centromere-associated female meiotic drive and create a framework for transferring M. guttatus genome resources across the entire genus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative linkage maps suggest that fission, not polyploidy, underlies near-doubling of chromosome number within monkeyflowers (Mimulus; Phrymaceae)

Fishman

et al. 2014

Heredity

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“…Iron Mountain 767 is a highly inbred line derived via single-seed descent, and it is typical of the Iron Mountain natural population in most of its measured phenotypic aspects (Scoville et al 2009). The Point Reyes plant was an outbred plant that was two generations removed from the ancestral Point Reyes population, and it is representative of the natural population in all measured aspects of trichome production (L. M. Holeski, unpublished data).…”

Section: The Mapping Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetics of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Defense: Trichome Production inMimulus guttatus

Holeski

Chase‐Alone

Kelly

2010

The American Naturalist

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Insect herbivory is a major driving force of plant evolution. Phenotypic plasticity and developmental variation provide a means for plants to cope with variable herbivory. We characterized the genetics of developmental variation and phenotypic plasticity in trichome density, a putative defensive trait of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower). Our results are evaluated in relation to the optimal defense theory, which provides testable predictions for plastic and developmental patterns in defense traits. We found that both developmental stage and simulated insect damage affected trichome production, but in different ways. Plants were more likely to produce at least some trichomes on later leaves than on earlier leaves, regardless of damage. Damage did not affect the average probability of producing trichomes, but it did increase the density of hairs on trichome-positive plants. We mapped trichome quantitative trait loci (QTL) by selectively genotyping a large panel of recombinant inbred lines derived from two highly divergent populations. Several highly pleiotropic QTL influenced multiple aspects of the trichome phenotype (constitutive, developmental, and/or plastic responses). Only one of the QTL influenced trichome induction following damage. In a result that is consistent with a central prediction of optimal defense theory, the high allele at this location was from the ancestral population with low constitutive trichome production.

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“…The variance among outbred plants was approximately 7.6 mm 2 for corolla width and 1.5 mm 2 for pistil length, with heritabilities (h 2 ) of 0.41 and 0.42, respectively [15]. From the NIL mapping data, we compared alternative homozygotes at each QTL for the mean corolla width of the first two flowers on a plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of the 138 'Line Cross Families' consists of replicate individuals of the parental Random line, F1s (between that Random line and the Reference) and F2s (from selfing the F1s). Plants were grown under common greenhouse conditions along with replicates of IM767 and measured for corolla width and pistil length (see [15] for a detailed description). Novel to this study, we genotyped a total of 37 markers in the genomic vicinities of flower size QTLs (see electronic supplementary material).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the heritability of an ecologically significant trait in terms of individual quantitative trait loci

et al. 2011

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These authors contributed equally to the study.Most natural populations display substantial genetic variation in behaviour, morphology, physiology, life history and the susceptibility to disease. A major challenge is to determine the contributions of individual loci to variation in complex traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has identified genomic regions affecting ecologically significant traits of many species. In nearly all cases, however, the importance of these QTLs to population variation remains unclear. In this paper, we apply a novel experimental method to parse the genetic variance of floral traits of the annual plant Mimulus guttatus into contributions of individual QTLs. We first use QTL-mapping to identify nine loci and then conduct a population-based breeding experiment to estimate V Q , the genetic variance attributable to each QTL. We find that three QTLs with moderate effects explain up to one-third of the genetic variance in the natural population. Variation at these loci is probably maintained by some form of balancing selection. Notably, the largest effect QTLs were relatively minor in their contribution to heritability.

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Contribution of chromosomal polymorphisms to the G‐matrix ofMimulus guttatus

Cited by 38 publications

References 77 publications

Comparative linkage maps suggest that fission, not polyploidy, underlies near-doubling of chromosome number within monkeyflowers (Mimulus; Phrymaceae)

Comparative linkage maps suggest that fission, not polyploidy, underlies near-doubling of chromosome number within monkeyflowers (Mimulus; Phrymaceae)

The Genetics of Phenotypic Plasticity in Plant Defense: Trichome Production inMimulus guttatus

Explaining the heritability of an ecologically significant trait in terms of individual quantitative trait loci

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