Contribution of country-specific electricity mix and charging time to environmental impact of battery electric vehicles: A case study of electric buses in Germany

Rupp, Matthias; Handschuh, Nils; Rieke, Christian; Kuperjans, Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.059

Cited by 92 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Specifically, Italy differs from Germany, and Nordic countries in general, in the availability of wind and solar energy, with this latter taking the lion's share among intermittent RES, as well as in the reliance on natural gas, rather than coal, for conventional electricity generation. Such differences become particularly important when electricity generation from RES is not available or not enough, depending on the installed capacity or the time of the year, and the additional electricity demand has to be provided by conventional power plants, thus limiting or nullifying the environmental benefit of EV especially when such plants are powered by carbon-intensive fuels [12] and making CO2 savings potential greater where renewable contribution to the electricity mix is higher [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Electric Vehicles towards Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Italy and Germany in Comparison

Bellocchi

Klöckner

Manno

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Electric vehicles, being able to reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions and shift the economy away from oil products, can play a major role in the transition towards low-carbon energy systems. However, the related increase in electricity demand inevitably affects the strategic planning of the overall energy system as well as the definition of the optimal power generation mix. With this respect, the impact of electric vehicles may vary significantly depending on the composition of both total primary energy supply and electricity generation. In this study, Italy and Germany are compared to highlight how a similarity in their renewable shares not necessarily leads to a CO2 emissions reduction. Different energy scenarios are simulated with the help of EnergyPLAN software assuming a progressive increase in renewable energy sources capacity and electric vehicles penetration. Results show that, for the German case, the additional electricity required leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions only if renewable capacity increases significantly, whereas the Italian energy system benefits from transport electrification even at low renewable capacity. Smart charging strategies are also found to foster renewable integration; however, power curtailments are still significant at high renewable capacity in the absence of large-scale energy storage systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Role of Electric Vehicles towards Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Italy and Germany in Comparison

Bellocchi

Klöckner

Manno

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The advantage of carbon reduction for electric buses to replace fossil fuel-powered buses has been studied by many scholars. The most recent literature includes [13,[17][18][19]. Bakker and Konings [17] have referred to battery-electric buses as zero-emission buses, as they result in far less local air pollution than their diesel counterparts [20,21].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al [13] have found that the fuel cell electric transit buses, in comparison with diesel buses, consume less energy overall and have lower air emissions on a well-to-wheel basis in the United States. Rupp et al [19] have studied the impact of diesel and electric vehicles on CO 2 equivalent emissions in Germany from a life-cycle perspective, and they have found that electric vehicles are particularly advantageous in urban traffic because of their positive environmental balance, which is based on greater energy conversion efficiency and the possibility of recuperating the braking energy.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Asset of Electrification: Valuing the Transition from Fossil Fuel-Powered Buses to Battery Electric Buses in Beijing

Han

2019

Sustainability

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An increasing number of cities are transitioning from fossil fuel-powered buses for public transport to battery electric buses, but there is still much confusion about the economic evaluation of the electrification of buses, especially in terms of the carbon asset value for carbon emissions reduction in this transition. Taking Beijing as the example, this paper studies the economic value of the transition of public buses from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses from the perspective of carbon asset theory, and mainly focuses the analysis on direct carbon emissions. First, the theory and methodology of carbon asset evaluation are introduced for the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses. Second, the internal determinants of the carbon assets for the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses are studied. Third, the distinct impacts of the determinants of the carbon assets of the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses are analysed. The results indicate that (1) the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses has a carbon asset value; (2) the carbon asset value of the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses is determined by the distance-specific CO2 emissions of fossil fuel-powered buses, the carbon price and the annual driving distances of the buses as well as the discounted rate of the carbon assets for buses and the termination time of the fossil fuel-powered or battery electric buses; and (3) the carbon assets contribute to the economic value of the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses. This paper provides academic support for the economic evaluation of the transition from fossil fuel-powered buses to battery electric buses in a low-carbon society.

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“…Many countries are actively exploring a combination of clean energy and road transportation electrification. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) take advantage of lower energy consumption costs and more environmentally friendly features [2]. Promoting the use of EVs is an effective way to deal with road traffic pollution and global climate change [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Increasing Private Charging Piles on Electric Vehicles’ Charging Profiles: A Case Study in Hefei City, China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2020

Energies

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Electric vehicles (EVs) and charging piles have been growing rapidly in China in the last five years. Private charging piles are widely adopted in major cities and have partly changed the charging behaviors of EV users. Based on the charging data of EVs in Hefei, China, this study aims to assess the impacts of increasing private charging piles and smart charging application on EVs’ charging load profiles. The charging load profiles of three types of charging piles which are public, employee-shared, and private ones, are simulated in three different scenarios. The results of scenario simulation indicate that the increase in EVs will reinforce the peak value of the total power load, while increasing private charging piles and the participation rate of smart charging piles will have peak-load shifting effects on the power load on weekdays. Specifically, 12% of the charging load will be shifted from public piles to private ones if the ratio of EVs and private piles increases from 5:3 to 5:4. The adoption of smart charging in private piles will transfer 18% of the charging load from the daytime to the night to achieve peak-load shifting. In summary, promoting the adoption of private piles and smart charging technology will reshape the charging load profile of the city, but the change will possibly reduce the utilization rate of public charging piles. The results suggest that urban governments should consider the growth potential of private piles and promote smart charging in charging infrastructure planning.

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Contribution of country-specific electricity mix and charging time to environmental impact of battery electric vehicles: A case study of electric buses in Germany

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

On the Role of Electric Vehicles towards Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Italy and Germany in Comparison

On the Role of Electric Vehicles towards Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Italy and Germany in Comparison

Carbon Asset of Electrification: Valuing the Transition from Fossil Fuel-Powered Buses to Battery Electric Buses in Beijing

Impacts of Increasing Private Charging Piles on Electric Vehicles’ Charging Profiles: A Case Study in Hefei City, China

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