Contribution of filler–filler interaction and filler aspect ratio in rubber reinforcement by silica and mica

Roshanaei, Hossein; Khodkar, Fatemeh; Alimardani, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s13726-020-00850-4

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The low concentration of filler barely influences the Mooney viscosity. In particular, mica-based fillers with a platy architecture commonly decrease the Mooney viscosity [ 45 , 46 ]. The infiltration of AEAPSS 2 phr into the NR/EPDM/phlogopite elastomeric composites led to compatibilizing effects, thereby increasing the Mooney viscosity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mica (dioctahedral: muscovite and paragonite; trioctahedral: biotite and phlogopite) is commonly utilized to improve the mechanical properties, dynamic characteristics, wear resistance, and processability of rubber composites [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Among mica fillers, phlogopite as a filler has been introduced in applications such as adhesives [ 48 ], plastic parts [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and cosmetics [ 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer

et al. 2021

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Rubber compounding with two or more components has been extensively employed to improve various properties. In particular, natural rubber (NR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have found use in tire and automotive parts. Diverse fillers have been applied to NR/EPDM blends to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, a new class of mineral filler, phlogopite, was incorporated into an NR/EPDM blend to examine the mechanical, curing, elastic, and morphological properties of the resulting material. The combination of aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and stearic acid (SA) compatibilized the NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite, further improving various properties. The enhanced properties were compared with those of NR/EPDM/fillers composed of silica or carbon black (CB). Compared with the NR/EPDM/silica composite, the incompatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite without AEAPS exhibited poorer properties, but NR/EPDM/phlogopite compatibilized by AEAPS and SA showed improved properties. Most properties of the compatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite were similar to those of the NR/EPDM/CB composite, except for the lower abrasion resistance. The NR/EPDM/phlogopite/AEAPS rubber composite may potentially be used in various applications by replacing expensive fillers, such as CB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer

et al. 2021

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“…In FG0/SBR, the physical adsorption between the filler and the rubber molecular chain is dominated owing to the high content of carbon in FG0. With a continuous increase in the external stress, the rubber molecular chain easily breaks from the restriction imposed by the filler, resulting in its low tensile strength and elongation at break 4,52 . The hydrophobicity of the filler increases as the silicon content in the increases, and the strong filler–rubber interaction leads to low slip of rubber molecular chains on the filler, resulting in a higher tensile strength and a lower elongation at break (FG5/SBR).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the combination of silica and carbon black can effectively reduce the rolling resistance and hysteresis loss of tire tread rubber, the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of vehicle, and facilitates the design of green tires 1,2 . However, the heavy dependence on the petroleum industry and serious pollution issues for carbon black, 3 and the poor processability, low electrical conductivity and high cost (mainly attributed to the expense of the silane coupling agent) for silica, 3,4 which directly limit the use of silica and carbon black hybrid for the preparation of dual‐phase fillers. Besides, the major issue is that the difference in surface energy between silica and carbon black will prevent them from forming a collaborative filler network 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of an eco‐friendly carbon–silicon dual‐phase rubber filler with humic acid and silica sol

Tan

Xue

Sun

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A new type of carbon–silicon dual‐phase filler (CSDPF) was prepared from highly active and widely available humic acid and low‐cost silica sol as raw materials, which were further used for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) by ball milling and carbonization methods. The effects of the silica sol content and the bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) on the structure and surface properties of the CSDPF were investigated systematically. Silica sol combined with humic acid in the carbon–silicon dual‐phase complexes in the form of SiOC, while the TESPT and carbon–silicon dual‐phase complexes were combined in the form of SiOSi in the CSDPF. As the content of silica sol increased in the dual‐phase complexes, the amount and particle size of silica on the surface of CSDPF increased. A certain amount of silica in the fabricated filler facilitated its subsequent modification and applications. Compared with CB/SBR (SBR filled with carbon black 660), the mechanical properties, thermal stability, wear resistance, and wet skid resistance of SBR filled with the CSDPF were significantly improved. This work provides a new strategy for developing CSDPF.

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“…The increase in the tensile strength of the composites with JSMP was related to the good dispersion of silica within NBR matrix as the presence of JSMP reduced the silicasilica interactions and enhanced the silica-NBR interactions. 23,24 Consequently, under tensile loading the stress transfer from NBR matrix to silica improved. Furthermore, it was found the tensile strength began to decrease when JSMP loading exceeded 4 phr and this might be attributed to the presence of agglomerations of JSMP particles at higher loading (more than 4 phr).…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jojoba seed powder as eco‐friendly antioxidant for rubber products

Kandil

El‐Nashar

Ward

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In search of a new class of antioxidants for rubber products, plant based antioxidants have emerged as a suitable alternative to traditional antioxidants. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efficiency of jojoba seed meal (JSM) as a natural antioxidant in rubber compounds. Hence, JSM was ground and sieved into a very fine powder (JSMP) where it was applied here in silica‐filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composite at different loadings. Its effect on the curing, swelling, physico‐mechanical, aging and dielectric properties of the resulting composites was investigated. It was found that the incorporation of JSMP into silica‐NBR composites enhanced the curing, mechanical, and swelling properties compared to those of the composite prepared with the commercial antioxidant 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (TMQ) and the optimum concentration of JSMP was 4 phr. This result was proved by SEM which showed that using up to 4 phr of JSMP enhanced the dispersion of silica within the NBR matrix. Aging process results showed that the composites with JSMP exhibited a high resistance to the aging process compared to that with TMQ. Furthermore, the dielectric results revealed that the presence of JSMP caused an increase in the permittivity, dielectric loss, and conductivity of the resulting composites. The conductivity value reached to 8 × 10−7 S/cm which recommends the use of such composites for electrostatic dissipation applications.

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Contribution of filler–filler interaction and filler aspect ratio in rubber reinforcement by silica and mica

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer

Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer

Preparation of an eco‐friendly carbon–silicon dual‐phase rubber filler with humic acid and silica sol

Jojoba seed powder as eco‐friendly antioxidant for rubber products

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