Contribution of form drag on pressure ridges to the air stress on Arctic ice

Arya, S. Pal

doi:10.1029/jc078i030p07092

Cited by 76 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Calculations of atmospheric form drag require estimates of the surface feature height (as presented in this study), along with the surface feature density (e.g. Arya, 1973;Tsamados et al, 2014). Linear profiling studies calculating atmospheric form drag (e.g.…”

Section: Feature Geometry and The Potential For Additional Feature Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In regions where the sail and keel density is high, the resultant obstructions to fluid flow (form drag) are thought to dominate the total drag on the ice cover over frictional (skin drag) effects (Arya, 1973;Leonardi et al, 2003;Tsamados et al, 2014). Ice deformation also impacts the internal strength of the ice pack, further altering the momentum transfer between the atmosphere and ocean (Martin et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We present an analysis of Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface elevation data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper, flown as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge mission. Surface features in the sea ice cover are detected using a newly developed surface feature picking algorithm. We derive information regarding the height, volume and geometry of surface features from 2009 to 2014 within the Beaufort/Chukchi and Central Arctic regions. The results are delineated by ice type to estimate the topographic variability across first-year and multi-year ice regimes.The results demonstrate that Arctic sea ice topography exhibits significant spatial variability, mainly driven by the increased surface feature height and volume (per unit area) of the multi-year ice that dominates the Central Arctic region. The multi-year ice topography exhibits greater interannual variability compared to the first-year ice regimes, which dominates the total ice topography variability across both regions. The ice topography also shows a clear coastal dependency, with the feature height and volume increasing as a function of proximity to the nearest coastline, especially north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A strong correlation between ice topography and ice thickness (from the IceBridge sea ice product) is found, using a square-root relationship. The results allude to the importance of ice deformation variability in the total sea ice mass balance, and provide crucial information regarding the tail of the ice thickness distribution across the western Arctic. Future research priorities associated with this new data set are presented and discussed, especially in relation to calculations of atmospheric form drag.

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Section: Feature Geometry and The Potential For Additional Feature Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data

et al. 2016

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“…The first one is dimensionless and describes the sum of ridge heights per unit length; it is also proportional to the aerodynamic form drag of the ridges above the cutoff height [Arya, 1973]. …”

Section: Joint Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of sea ice ridging in the Weddell Sea

Granberg¹,

Leppäranta²

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Over a rough surface the drag has two components: a surface skin drag caused by friction and a form drag caused by pressure forces from the moving fluid impacting on roughness elements (Arya, 1973(Arya, , 1975. The form drag acts on seaice ridges, on floe edges, on melt pond edges, and on surface undulations of all types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of surface momentum exchange over the marginal ice zone and recommendations for its parametrisation

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Comprehensive aircraft observations are used to characterise surface roughness over the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) and consequently make recommendations for the parametrisation of surface momentum exchange in the MIZ. These observations were gathered in the Barents Sea and Fram Strait from two aircraft as part of the Aerosol-Cloud Coupling And Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCA-CIA) project. They represent a doubling of the total number of such aircraft observations currently available over the Arctic MIZ. The eddy covariance method is used to derive estimates of the 10 m neutral drag coefficient (C DN10 ) from turbulent wind velocity measurements, and a novel method using albedo and surface temperature is employed to derive ice fraction. Peak surface roughness is found at ice fractions in the range 0.6 to 0.8 (with a mean interquartile range in C DN10 of 1.25 to 2.85 × 10 −3 ). C DN10 as a function of ice fraction is found to be well approximated by the negatively skewed distribution provided by a leading parametrisation scheme (Lüpkes et al., 2012) tailored for sea-ice drag over the MIZ in which the two constituent components of drag -skin and form drag -are separately quantified. Current parametrisation schemes used in the weather and climate models are compared with our results and the majority are found to be physically unjustified and unrepresentative. The Lüpkes et al. (2012) scheme is recommended in a computationally simple form, with adjusted parameter settings. A good agreement holds for subsets of the data from different locations, despite differences in sea-ice conditions. Ice conditions in the Barents Sea, characterised by small, unconsolidated ice floes, are found to be associated with higher C DN10 values -especially at the higher ice fractions -than those of Fram Strait, where typically larger, smoother floes are observed. Consequently, the important influence of sea-ice morphology and floe size on surface roughness is recognised, and improvement in the representation of this in parametrisation schemes is suggested for future study.

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Contribution of form drag on pressure ridges to the air stress on Arctic ice

Cited by 76 publications

References 18 publications

Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data

Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data

Observations of sea ice ridging in the Weddell Sea

Observations of surface momentum exchange over the marginal ice zone and recommendations for its parametrisation

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