Contribution of Genetic Background, Traditional Risk Factors, and HIV-Related Factors to Coronary Artery Disease Events in HIV-Positive Persons

Rotger, Margalida; Glass, Tracy R.; Junier, Thomas; Lundgren, Jens D.; Neaton, James D.; Poloni, Estella S.; Wout, Angélique B. van ′t; Lubomirov, Rubin; Colombo, Sara; Martínez, Raquel; Rauch, Andri; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Neuhaus, Jacqueline; Wentworth, Deborah; Manen, Daniëlle van; Gras, Luuk; Schuitemaker, Hanneke; Albini, Laura; Torti, Carlo; Jacobson, Lisa P.; Li, Xiuhong; Kingsley, Lawrence A.; Carli, Federica; Guaraldi, Giovanni; Ford, Emily; Sereti, Irini; Hadigan, Colleen; Martínez, Estebán; Arnedo, Mireia; Egaña-Gorroño, Lander; Gatell, José M.; Law, Matthew; Bendall, Courtney; Petoumenos, Kathy; Rockstroh, Jürgen K.; Wasmuth, Jan‐Christian; Kabeya, Kabamba; Delforge, Marc; Wit, Stéphane De; Berger, F; Mauss, Stefan; Sierra, Mariana de Paz; Losso, Marcelo; Belloso, Waldo; Leyes, María; Campins, Antoni A; Mondi, Annalisa; Luca, Andrea De; Bernardino, José I.; Barriuso-Iglesias, Mónica; Torrecilla-Rodriguez, Ana; González‐García, Juan; Arribas, José Ramón; Fanti, Iuri; Gel, Silvia; Puig, Jordi; Negredo, Eugènia; Gutiérrez, Mar; Domingo, Peré; Fischer, Julia; Fätkenheuer, Gerd; Alonso-Villaverde, Carlos; Macken, Alan; Woo, James; McGinty, Tara; Mallon, Patrick; Mangili, Alexandra; Skinner, Stuart; Wanke, Christine; Reiss, Peter; Weber, Rainer; Bucher, Heiner C.; Fellay, Jacques; Telenti, Amalio; Tarr, Philip E.

doi:10.1093/cid/cit196

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some of the limitations of previous studies included small numbers of HIV-infected patients, a deficiency of rigorously adjudication of CV events, and inconsistent adjustment for confounding factors, such as smoking, that occur at much higher rates in the HIV population. The WG also noted that there was not enough information to fully understand the contributions to HIV-related CAD of traditional risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and smoking versus the detrimental effects of the HIV virus itself, associated inflammation, ART, and coinfections (32,33). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulating High Impact HIV-Related Cardiovascular Research

Shah

Cook

Wong

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

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The clinical challenges confronting patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have shifted from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses to chronic diseases, such as coronary artery disease, chronic lung disease, and chronic anemia. With the growing burden of HIV-related heart, lung, and blood (HLB) disease, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recognizes it must stimulate and support HIV-related HLB research. Because HIV offers a natural, accelerated model of common pathological processes—such as inflammation—HIV-related HLB research may yield important breakthroughs for all patients with HLB disease. This paper summarizes the cardiovascular recommendations of an NHLBI Working Group, Advancing HIV/AIDS Research in Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, charged with identifying scientific priorities in HIV-related HLB disease and developing recommendations to promote multidisciplinary collaboration among HIV and HLB investigators. The working group included multidisciplinary sessions, as well as HLB breakout sessions for discussion of disease-specific issues, with common themes about scientific priorities and strategies to stimulate HLB research emerging in all 3 groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulating High Impact HIV-Related Cardiovascular Research

Shah

Cook

Wong

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

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“…We note that there is no universal value for a in today's genetic tests, and the optimal value of a (for maximum utility) might change based on the type of the test. For example, a recent study on cardiovascular disease shows that a = 4 is sufficient to determine a patient's susceptibility to this disease [30]. Comparing Figs.…”

Section: Obfuscation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of our extensive collaboration with geneticists, clinicians, and biologists, we concluded that a DNA string comparison is insufficient in many medical tests (that use genomic data) [5,27,30] and would not be enough to pave the way to personalized medicine. As it will become clearer in the next sections, for each genetic test, specific variants must be considered individually.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting and evaluating genomic privacy in medical tests and personalized medicine

Ayday

Raisaro

Hubaux

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the 12th ACM Workshop on Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

113

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In this paper, we propose privacy-enhancing technologies for medical tests and personalized medicine methods that use patients' genomic data. Focusing on genetic diseasesusceptibility tests, we develop a new architecture (between the patient and the medical unit) and propose a "privacypreserving disease susceptibility test" (PDS) by using homomorphic encryption and proxy re-encryption. Assuming the whole genome sequencing to be done by a certified institution, we propose to store patients' genomic data encrypted by their public keys at a "storage and processing unit" (SPU). Our proposed solution lets the medical unit retrieve the encrypted genomic data from the SPU and process it for medical tests and personalized medicine methods, while preserving the privacy of patients' genomic data. We also quantify the genomic privacy of a patient (from the medical unit's point of view) and show how a patient's genomic privacy decreases with the genetic tests he undergoes due to (i) the nature of the genetic test, and (ii) the characteristics of the genomic data. Furthermore, we show how basic policies and obfuscation methods help to keep the genomic privacy of a patient at a high level. We also implement and show, via a complexity analysis, the practicality of PDS.

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“…The authors report that the effect of unfavorable genetic background was similar to traditional CAD risk factors and certain adverse antiretroviral exposures. The authors concluded that genetic testing might provide prognostic information complementary to the family history of CAD [64] .…”

Section: Abca1 Hepatic Lipase (Lipc) and Cholesteryl Estermentioning

confidence: 99%

Can antiretroviral therapy be tailored to each human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual? Role of pharmacogenomics

Asensi¹

2015

WJV

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Pharmacogenetics refers to the effect of single nucle otide polymorphisms (SNPs) within human genes on drug therapy outcome. Its study might help clinicians to increase the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs by improving their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and by decreasing their side effects. HLAB*5701 genotyping to avoid the abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) is a cost-effective diagnostic tool, with a 100% of negative predictive value, and, therefore, it has been included in the guidelines for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HALDRB*0101 associates with nevirapine-induced HSR. CYP2B6 SNPs modify efavirenz plasma levels and their genotyping help decreasing its central nervous system, hepatic and HSR toxicities. Cytokines SNPs might influence the development of drug-associated lipodystrophy. APOA5 , APOB , APOC3 and APOE SNPs modify lipids plasma levels and might influence the coronary artery disease risk of HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. UGT1A1*28 and ABCB1 (MDR1) 3435C > T SNPs modify atazanavir plasma levels and enhance hyperbilirubinemia. Much more effort needs to be still devoted to complete large prospective studies with multiple SNPs genotyping in order to reveal more clues about the role played by host genetics in antiretroviral drug efficacy and toxicity. genotyping to prevent the abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction. Diverse other single nucleotide polymorphisms have been described as related to certain pharmacokinetic characteristics and adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs. In this Editorial we summarize the current knowledge on this rapidly evolving field.Asensi V, Collazos J, Valle-Garay E. Can antiretroviral therapy be tailored to each human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual?

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Contribution of Genetic Background, Traditional Risk Factors, and HIV-Related Factors to Coronary Artery Disease Events in HIV-Positive Persons

Abstract: In the setting of HIV infection, the effect of an unfavorable genetic background was similar to traditional CAD risk factors and certain adverse antiretroviral exposures. Genetic testing may provide prognostic information complementary to family history of CAD.

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Stimulating High Impact HIV-Related Cardiovascular Research

Stimulating High Impact HIV-Related Cardiovascular Research

Protecting and evaluating genomic privacy in medical tests and personalized medicine

Can antiretroviral therapy be tailored to each human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual? Role of pharmacogenomics

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