Contribution of Genomics to the Surgical Management and Study of Oral Cancer

Abstract

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent type of tumor arising from the oral cavity. Surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of these cancers. Tumor biology has long been overlooked as an important contributor to the outcome of surgical procedures, but recent studies are challenging this concept. Molecular analyses of tumor DNA or RNA provide a rich source of information about the biology of OSCC. Methods We searched for relevant articles using PubMed. We examined in particular the prospect of applying molecular methods for minimally invasive exploration of OSCC biology. Results We examined five potential applications of genomics to the surgical management and study of OSCC: i) assessing oral potentially malignant lesions; ii) tumor staging prior to surgery; iii) predicting postoperative risk in locally advanced tumors; iv) measuring minimal residual disease and optimizing the longitudinal monitoring of OSCC; and v) predicting the efficacy of medical treatment. Conclusions Genomic information can be harnessed in order to identify new biomarkers that could improve the staging, choice of therapy and management of OSCC. The identification of new biomarkers is awaited for better personalization of the surgical treatment of OSCC.

Evaluation of Proton MR Spectroscopy for the Study of the Tongue Tissue in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Preliminary Findings

“…Moreover, in a previous NMR spectroscopy study [33], specific variations in the salivary metabolomic profile were identified and revealed that fucose, glycine, methanol, and proline were highly discriminant between patients with HN cancer and control subjects. Further, metabolomics studies revealed high sensitivity to saliva metabolic changes [34] and to DNA methylation alterations (that are detectable in saliva) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [35][36][37], suggesting that salivary biomarkers are valuable for OSCC early diagnosis and OSCC stratification. Altogether, these elements emphasize the importance of conducting further metabolomics studies with concomitant in-vivo and ex-vivo biofluids (serum and/or saliva) 1 H-MRS analyses.…”

Principe et applicabilité de la chirurgie de précision aux cancers de la tête et du cou

“…La mise au point d'un diagnostic biologique objectif de malignité serait donc un avantage majeur pour cibler les patients candidats à une exérèse. Différentes stratégies peuvent être appliquées selon le type d'anomalie détectée : mutations ou altérations du nombre de copies de gènes, profils transcriptomiques, ou marques épigénétiques [7]. Une analyse transcriptomique pourrait, par exemple, aider à caractériser l'infiltrat inflammatoire, spécifique lors du développement malin de la tumeur [12].…”

“…L'émergence d'atlas comme le TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) permet aujourd'hui un accès libre aux données de génomique et de protéomique, et donc d'envisager une nouvelle taxonomie moléculaire des tumeurs [4,5]. Grâce aux développements des techniques fondées sur l'analyse des acides nucléiques libérés par les cellules tumorales, il devient également envisageable de « sonder » de façon non invasive, par biopsies liquides, le génome tumoral, en particulier en amont de la procédure chirurgicale [6,7]. La montée en puissance des traitements ciblés a par ailleurs constitué une avancée conceptuelle majeure.…”

“…La montée en puissance des traitements ciblés a par ailleurs constitué une avancée conceptuelle majeure. Les 1 UR7516 CHIMERE (Chirurgie, imagerie et régénération tissulaire de l'extrémité céphalique), université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France 2 Institut Faire Face, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France 3 Service de biochimie, Centre de biologie humaine, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France 4 Service d'anesthésie réanimation, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France 5 Service d'anatomopathologie, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France 6 Service de radiologie et imagerie médicale, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France 7 Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France Galmiche.antoine@chu-amiens.fr…”

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Anticancer Decoction Combined with Basic Chemotherapy and Nursing Intervention on Oral Cancer Patients after Surgery and Its Effect on Tumor Markers and Immune Function

“…Relevant studies have confirmed that pathogenic bacteria can easily colonize and multiply in the oral cavity of the organism, and normal people can effectively remove oral pathogenic bacteria due to their own cleansing function, which makes the incidence of serious infection low [ 18 , 19 ]. However, postoperative oral cancer patients have surgical trauma in the oral cavity, and the daily secretion of blood and saliva is significantly reduced.…”