Contribution of Ghrelin to the Pathogenesis of Growth Hormone Deficiency

Lewiński, Andrzej; Karbownik-Lewińska, Małgorzata; Wieczorek-Szukała, Katarzyna; Stasiak, Magdalena; Stawerska, Renata

doi:10.3390/ijms22169066

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 118 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We did not measure ghrelin levels, but in this case we hypothesize that it is elevated at the peak of EAE, as ghrelin levels also increase after food deprivation and after many forms of weight loss [ 45 ], as shown here in EAE. It has been proposed that ghrelin decreases plasma levels of IGF-1 and thus inhibits the negative effect of IGF-1 on GH secretion and acts directly on somatotrophs [ 44 , 46 ], which seems plausible in our experimental model. In addition, acute inflammation with subsequent weight loss leads to a negative energy balance, whereby ghrelin can influence the orexigenic centers in the hypothalamus to conserve energy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats

Zivkovic,

Trifunovic,

Savic

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage to the central nervous system (CNS) are the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its representative animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). There is scientific evidence for the involvement of growth hormone (GH) in autoimmune regulation. Previous data on the relationship between the GH/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis and MS/EAE are inconclusive; therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the changes in the GH axis during acute monophasic EAE. The results show that the gene expression of Ghrh and Sst in the hypothalamus does not change, except for Npy and Agrp, while at the pituitary level the Gh, Ghrhr and Ghr genes are upregulated. Interestingly, the cell volume of somatotropic cells in the pituitary gland remains unchanged at the peak of the disease. We found elevated serum GH levels in association with low IGF-1 concentration and downregulated Ghr and Igf1r expression in the liver, indicating a condition resembling GH resistance. This is likely due to inadequate nutrient intake at the peak of the disease when inflammation in the CNS is greatest. Considering that GH secretion is finely regulated by numerous central and peripheral signals, the involvement of the GH/IGF-1 axis in MS/EAE should be thoroughly investigated for possible future therapeutic strategies, especially with a view to improving EAE disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats

Zivkovic,

Trifunovic,

Savic

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A major limitation of animal models is that they cannot self‐report hunger or other physiological sensations that would inform mechanistic work. Since ghrelin was first described and noted as a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS‐R) agonist (Kojima et al, 1999 ), much study has focused on the effects on hunger and appetite regulation along with other aspects of energy balance (Bouillon‐Minois et al, 2021 ; Lewiński et al, 2021 ; Ouerghi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introduction Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a pharmaceutical ghrelin agonist on lifespan in C57BL/6J male mice: A controlled experiment

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interventions for animal lifespan extension like caloric restriction (CR) have identified physiologic and biochemical pathways related to hunger and energy‐sensing status as possible contributors, but mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Prior studies using ghrelin agonists show greater food intake but no effect on lifespan in rodent models. This experiment in male C57BL/6J mice tested the influence of ghrelin agonism for perceived hunger, in the absence of CR, on longevity. Mice aged 4 weeks were allowed to acclimate for 2 weeks prior to being assigned (N = 60/group). Prior to lights off daily (12:12 cycle), animals were fed a ghrelin agonist pill (LY444711; Eli Lilly) or a placebo control (Ctrl) until death. Treatment (GhrAg) animals were pair‐fed daily based on the group mean food intake consumed by Ctrl (ad libitum feeding) the prior week. Results indicate an increased lifespan effect (log‐rank p = 0.0032) for GhrAg versus placebo Ctrl, which weighed significantly more than GhrAg (adjusted for baseline weight). Further studies are needed to determine the full scope of effects of this ghrelin agonist, either directly via increased ghrelin receptor signaling or indirectly via other hypothalamic, systemic, or tissue‐specific mechanisms.

show abstract

“…Additionally, the concentration of vitamin D depends on the dietary intake; unfortunately, geriatric patients often develop nutritional disorders, and patients are often malnourished and experiencing the ‘anorexia of aging’ [ 20 ]. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that plays a key role in the neurohormonal regulation of food intake (stimulates appetite), energy homeostasis, and growth hormone (GH) secretion [ 21 ]. In our study, along with a lower concentration of vitamin D, we also observed a lower concentration of ghrelin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Interactions between Adipokines and Vitamin D Combined with the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Geriatric Case Study

Biercewicz

Kwiatkowska

Kędziora–Kornatowska

et al. 2023

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vitamin D deficiency is an important issue in the worldwide population, especially in older people. According to the World Health Organization data, in 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world will be 60 years old or older. The main storage site for vitamin D is adipose tissue. Further, 25(OH)D regulates the expression of adipogenic genes and apoptosis of adipocytes and directly influences the secretion of the appetite-regulating hormone—leptin. Thus, we investigated the impact of the serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, omentin, ghrelin, visfatin, and biochemical parameters on vitamin D and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in geriatric females. Our studies indicate that the leptin, visfatin and ghrelin are linked with vitamin D concentration and the eGFR rate in the geriatric females. (1) Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in older people, and researchers are looking for a link between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of diseases in advanced age. The study aimed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and clinical variables in older females. (2) Methods: We investigated the impact of the serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, omentin, ghrelin, visfatin, and biochemical parameters on vitamin D and estimated the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 74 geriatric females. (3) Results: We observed a significantly higher concentration of creatinine and visfatin in the G2 stage (eGFR = 60–89 mL/min./1.73 m2). We performed an additional analysis to exclude the effect of vitamin D supplementation and obtained a significantly higher vitamin D concentration in the G2 stage. We found significantly lower vitamin D concentrations in older people. In addition, in a person with low levels of vitamin D, we observed significantly lower levels of albumin and ghrelin. Older patients (80 to 89 years old) had significantly lower levels of vitamin D, albumin, insulin, HOMA-IR, and ghrelin than younger patients (60 to 69 years old). Spearman’s correlations performed to examine the relationship between clinical variables seemed to confirm previous results. According to ROC curve analysis, leptin concentration was the strongest predictor of vitamin D fluctuations (the area under the curve, AUC = 0.685; with 79.5% sensitivity and 51.4% specificity; p = 0.0291). However, visfatin reached the most accurate AUCROC = 0.651 with 84.2% sensitivity and 49.1% specificity for predicting effects on eGFR. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that serum levels of leptin, visfatin, and ghrelin are linked with vitamin D concentration and the eGFR rate in the population of geriatric females.

show abstract

Contribution of Ghrelin to the Pathogenesis of Growth Hormone Deficiency

Cited by 14 publications

References 118 publications

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats

The effect of a pharmaceutical ghrelin agonist on lifespan in C57BL/6J male mice: A controlled experiment

Significant Interactions between Adipokines and Vitamin D Combined with the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Geriatric Case Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About