Contribution of ion‐induced nucleation to new particle formation: Methodology and its application to atmospheric observations in Boulder, Colorado

Iida, Kenjiro; Stolzenburg, Mark R.; McMurry, Peter H.; Dunn, Matthew J.; Smith, James N.; Eisele, F. L.; Keady, Pat

doi:10.1029/2006jd007167

Cited by 106 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The higher ion-induced nucleation fraction at 2 nm than at 1.6 nm suggests that ions at 2 nm may be formed by coagulation between small ions and neutral clusters. In previous studies the ion-induced nucleation fraction has been observed to be typically low, less than 10 %, in the continental boundary layer (Iida et al, 2006;Manninen et al, 2010). Figure 6 shows the median diurnal variation of the concentrations of neutral clusters, charged clusters and recombination products on NPF event days and on the only non-event day.…”

Section: J Kontkanen Et Al: High Concentrations Of Sub-3nm Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some model studies underline the importance of ions Turco, 2000, 2008), while field measurements conducted with ion spectrometers suggest only a minor contribution of ions to NPF in the continental boundary layer (Iida et al, 2006;Kulmala et al, 2007;Manninen et al, 2010) and also higher in the troposphere . Recent instrumental development has enabled measuring the concentrations of sub-3nm particles also with condensation particle counters, including a Particle Size Magnifier (PSM; Vanhanen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High concentrations of sub-3nm clusters and frequent new particle formation observed in the Po Valley, Italy, during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The concentrations of neutral and charged sub3nm clusters and their connection to new particle formation (NPF) were investigated during the PEGASOS campaign (7 June-9 July 2012) at the San Pietro Capofiume measurement station in the Po Valley, Italy. Continuous high concentrations of sub-3nm clusters were detected during the measurement period, although the condensation sink was relatively high (median value 1.1×10 −2 s −1 ). The median cluster concentrations were 2140 and 7980 cm −3 in the size bins of 1.5-1.8 and 1.8-3 nm, and the majority of them were electrically neutral. NPF events were observed during the measurement period frequently, on 86 % of the days. The median growth rates of clusters during the events were 4.3, 6.0 and 7.2 nm h −1 in the size ranges of 1.5-3, 3-7 and 7-20 nm. The median formation rate of 1.6 nm clusters was high, 45 cm −3 s −1 , and it exceeded the median formation rate of 2 nm clusters by 1 order of magnitude. The ion-induced nucleation fraction was low; the median values were 0.7 % at 1.6 nm and 3.0 % at 2 nm. On NPF event days the neutral cluster concentration had a maximum around 09:00 (local winter time), which was absent on a non-event day. The increase in the cluster concentrations in the morning coincided with the increase in the boundary layer height. At the same time radiation, temperature and SO 2 concentration increased, and RH and condensation sink decreased. The concentrations of neutral and charged clusters were observed to have a positive correlation with sulfuric acid proxy, indicating the significance of sulfuric acid for the cluster formation in San Pietro Capofiume. The condensation sink had a negative correlation with the concentration of charged clusters but no clear relation to the neutral cluster concentration. This finding, together with back-trajectory analysis, suggests that the precursor vapors of the clusters and background aerosol particles, acting as their sink, have possibly originated from the same sources, including e.g., power plants and industrial areas in the Po Valley.

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Section: J Kontkanen Et Al: High Concentrations Of Sub-3nm Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High concentrations of sub-3nm clusters and frequent new particle formation observed in the Po Valley, Italy, during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign

et al. 2016

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“…However, if the particle population is not in charge equilibrium but either overcharged or undercharged, the NAIS will overestimate or underestimate the total particle concentrations, respectively . During NPF the charging state of aerosol particles was observed to be frequently overcharged Iida et al, 2006;Laakso et al, 2007). Additionally, an overestimation of the total particle concentration by a factor of 2-3 is a general characteristic of NAIS Figure 1.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, comprehensive field measurements of NPF events at different locations in Europe showed an earlier formation of charged particles compared to total particles (neutral + charged particles; Manninen et al, 2010). Furthermore, the charging state of aerosol particles during NPF was observed to be frequently overcharged Iida et al, 2006;Laakso et al, 2007). The ratio of charged particle concentrations to neutral particle concentrations in a defined diameter interval is defined as the charged fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In this work, we examined the interaction of ions and neutral particles during atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events. The analysis is based on simultaneous field measurements of atmospheric ions and total particles using a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) across the diameter range 2-25 nm. The Waldstein research site is located in a spruce forest in NE Bavaria, Southern Germany, known for enhanced radon concentrations, presumably leading to elevated ionization rates. Our observations show that the occurrence of the ion nucleation mode preceded that of the total particle nucleation mode during all analyzed NPF events. The time difference between the appearance of 2 nm ions and 2 nm total particles was typically about 20 to 30 min. A cross correlation analysis showed a rapid decrease of the time difference between the ion and total modes during the growth process. Eventually, this time delay vanished when both ions and total particles did grow to larger diameters. Considering the growth rates of ions and total particles separately, total particles exhibited enhanced growth rates at diameters below 15 nm. This observation cannot be explained by condensation or coagulation, because these processes would act more efficiently on charged particles compared to neutral particles. To explain our observations, we propose a mechanism including recombination and attachment of continuously present cluster ions with the ion nucleation mode and the neutral nucleation mode, respectively.

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“…(4) (Heisler and Friedlander, 1977;Weber et al, 1996;Iida et al, 2006;Kuang et al, 2008Kuang et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Previous Approaches To Estimate Formation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate: reevaluating the effect of coagulation scavenging

Cai

Jiang

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate is proposed. It is derived from the aerosol general dynamic equation in the discrete form and then converted into an approximately continuous form for analyzing data from new particle formation (NPF) field campaigns. The new formula corrects the underestimation of the coagulation scavenging effect that occurred in the previously used formulae. It also clarifies the criteria for determining the upper size bound in measured aerosol size distributions for estimating new particle formation rate. An NPF field campaign was carried out from 7 March to 7 April 2016 in urban Beijing, and a diethylene glycol scanning mobility particle spectrometer equipped with a miniature cylindrical differential mobility analyzer was used to measure aerosol size distributions down to ∼ 1 nm. Eleven typical NPF events were observed during this period. Measured aerosol size distributions from 1 nm to 10 µm were used to test the new formula and the formulae widely used in the literature. The previously used formulae that perform well in a relatively clean atmosphere in which nucleation intensity is not strong were found to underestimate the comparatively high new particle formation rate in urban Beijing because of their underestimation or neglect of the coagulation scavenging effect. The coagulation sink term is the governing component of the estimated formation rate in the observed NPF events in Beijing, and coagulation among newly formed particles contributes a large fraction to the coagulation sink term. Previously reported formation rates in Beijing and in other locations with intense NPF events might be underestimated because the coagulation scavenging effect was not fully considered; e.g., estimated formation rates of 1.5 nm particles in this campaign using the new formula are 1.3-4.3 times those estimated using the formula neglecting coagulation among particles in the nucleation mode.

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Contribution of ion‐induced nucleation to new particle formation: Methodology and its application to atmospheric observations in Boulder, Colorado

Cited by 106 publications

References 52 publications

High concentrations of sub-3nm clusters and frequent new particle formation observed in the Po Valley, Italy, during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign

High concentrations of sub-3nm clusters and frequent new particle formation observed in the Po Valley, Italy, during the PEGASOS 2012 campaign

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

A new balance formula to estimate new particle formation rate: reevaluating the effect of coagulation scavenging

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