Contribution of irisin pathway in protective effects of mandarin juice (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on metabolic syndrome in rats fed with high fat diet

Abstract

The beneficial effects of Citrus fruits and their secondary metabolites on the cardiovascular system are well established. Moreover, growing evidence suggests beneficial role for prevention of obesity and related dysfunctions. Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) is one of the most consumed Citrus fruits, but it is poorly investigated. Mandarin juice obtained from C. reticulata fruits, collected in the Horti Simplicium of Pisa Charterhouse, presents a high amount of flavanone glycosides, including hesperidin and a number of polymethoxyflavonoids, in particular nobiletin and tangeretin. On Wistar rats fed with a high fat diet for 21 days, mandarin juice significantly contained the percentage weight gain, reduced visceral adipose tissue and the inflammatory markers TNF and IL‐6. Furthermore, mandarin juice influenced irisin pathway, increasing its plasma levels. Finally, supplementation with mandarin juice contributed to improve mitochondrial membrane potential, partially compromised with high fat diet, making mitochondria less susceptible to harmful events, such as ischemia. Taken together, these results suggest that C. reticulata, through its main metabolites, is able to produce beneficial effects in metabolic syndrome and to promote browning process, through involvement of the novel interesting irisin pathway.

Phytochemical Characterization of Citrus-Based Products Supporting Their Antioxidant Effect and Sensory Quality

“…The cardioprotective effect of hesperidin and naringin, as well as their potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cancer, is reported in many studies [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 78 ]. In addition, several studies highlighted a lipid-lowering effect exerted by flavanones, in particular naringin and hesperidin, in in vivo models after a diet supplemented with a flavanone nutritional dose [ 42 , 43 , 79 ]. More recently, the pharmacological properties of limonoids, as typical constituents of Citrus fruits previously considered undesirable bitter compounds, have been investigated in depth.…”

“…pompia Camarda var. nova ) and mandarin ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], the attention was herein focused on commercial Citrus -based products (Coctura ® ) obtained from lemons, oranges, and mandarins of selected cultivars provided by local farms located in Sicily (Italy) and processed as marmalades, with some modifications, such as the addition of Citrus peels in an optimized amount. The reduction of fruit waste as well as the valorization of local species as contribution to the biodiversity preservation are two important concepts at the basis of the production of Citrus -based Coctura ® products.…”

An Ethnopharmaceutical Study on the Hypolipidemic Formulae in Taiwan Issued by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies

“…Dyslipidemia (Castro et al, 2020;Dhuique-Mayer et al, 2020;Kong et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021;Meephat et al, 2021;Naeini et al, 2021) 4. Obesity (Lu J. F. et al, 2020;Mato Mofo et al, 2020 and Yuksel, 2021; Naeini et al, 2021;Testai et al, 2021) 5. Anti-oxidation (Castro et al, 2020;Kong et al, 2020;Yousof Ali et al, 2020;Al-Aubaidy et al, 2021;Wang M. et al, 2021;Naeini et al, 2021) 6.…”

“…Anti-oxidation (Castro et al, 2020;Kong et al, 2020;Yousof Ali et al, 2020;Al-Aubaidy et al, 2021;Wang M. et al, 2021;Naeini et al, 2021) 6. Anti-inflammation (Lu J. F. et al, 2020;Al-Aubaidy et al, 2021;Meephat et al, 2021;Naeini et al, 2021;Testai et oxidation (11.65%), obesity (8.74%), cardiovascular disease (8.74%), osteoporosis (7.77%), hepatic injury (7.77%), anticancer (6.80%), hypertension (5.83%), and renal injury (3.88%) (Figure 5B).…”

Pineapple by-products as a source of bioactive compounds with potential for industrial food application

“…This compound was also reported in sugarcane leaves 30 and in mandarin juice (Citrus reticulata Blanco). 31 Compound 11 ([M − H] − at m/z 597) was identified as yunnaneic acid F that is a biogenetically derivative of yunnaneic acid C and normally detected in Salvia yunnanensis. 32 This compound was also found in lemon balm extract (Melissa officinalis L.) by Pérez-Sánchez et al 33 Yunnaneic acid is also considered a phenolic compound derived from rosmarinic acid (RA) as lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid, and melitric acid, which have all a diverse biological function.…”