Contribution of paleopathology to the knowledge of the origin and spread of tuberculosis: evidence from Portugal

Santos, Ana Luı́sa; Matos, Vítor

doi:10.14195/2182-7982_36_3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To distinguish CAPs from other types of calcifications, some of the most common elements with which atherosclerotic plaques could be confused were demarcated, and some criteria for differential diagnosis were defined for these elements. Several clinical conditions lead to calcification of the pulmonary pleurae, including tuberculosis and other infectious diseases [22], cancer, carcinoma, and pulmonary hamartoma, among others [23]. Similarly, dural calcifications, teratomas, and costal cartilage calcifications could also interfere with the identification and classification of plaques as atherosclerotic [24].…”

Section: Methodological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification Potential of Atherosclerotic Calcifications in the Context of Forensic Anthropology

Monteiro,

Curate,

Garcia

et al. 2024

Biology

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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that, in its more developed stages, can lead to the calcification of fatty plaques on the walls of arteries, resulting in the appearance of new bone elements. It is a condition that has been studied and documented little in the context of paleopathology, especially in the framework of forensic anthropology. This article analyzed the skeletal remains of 71 individuals (35 females and 36 males) from the Luís Lopes Identified Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science in Lisbon, 31 of whom had an autopsy report. An attempt was made to ascertain whether these bone elements resulting from atherosclerotic calcification would resist cadaveric decomposition and whether they would be recoverable several years after burial, and a survey was carried out of their distribution according to sex and age, as well as their association with other pathologies, such as osteoporosis and cardiac and renal pathologies. An imaging analysis of an atherosclerotic plaque was also carried out to complement the macroscopic analysis and present other methods of identifying plaques. It was concluded that each atherosclerotic calcification has a unique profile, which can be useful for identification, especially in cases where the individual shows a severe condition. In terms of identification potential, the analysis of calcified atherosclerotic plaques can be useful, as they can corroborate or reject an identification. However, it always requires the existence of ante-mortem imaging exams and must always be used in addition to other identification methods. Regardless of the identification, these plaques are bone elements resulting from a pathology and should, therefore, be known and recognized by the scientific community.

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Section: Methodological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification Potential of Atherosclerotic Calcifications in the Context of Forensic Anthropology

Monteiro,

Curate,

Garcia

et al. 2024

Biology

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“…Since the later 18th century, anatomists have made observations of pathologic abnormalities of fossil bones (Waldron, 2015), while Shufeldt (1893) coined the term paleopathology, and defined it simply as “all diseased or pathological conditions found fossilized in the remains of extinct or fossil animals.” The paleontologist Roy Lee Moodie's seminal volume Paleopathology (1923) remains an important resource for students interested in disease that affected fossil bones. Much of this original and subsequent work focused on the intersection of paleontology and archaeology, or in other words, Plio‐Pleistocene to historical records (e.g., Armelagos & Cohen, 1984; Grauer, 2012; Moodie, 1923; Ortner & Aufderheide, 1991; Rothschild & Martin, 1992; Waldron, 2009), as a human‐centric perspective focused on questions of broad medical interest regarding the evolutionary record of diseases that affect humans (e.g., Roberts, 2016; Santos & Matos, 2019; Waldron, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paleontologist Roy Lee Moodie's seminal volume Paleopathology (1923) remains an important resource for students interested in disease that affected fossil bones. Much of this original and subsequent work focused on the intersection of paleontology and archaeology, or in other words, Plio-Pleistocene to historical records (e.g., Armelagos & Cohen, 1984;Grauer, 2012;Moodie, 1923;Ortner & Aufderheide, 1991;Rothschild & Martin, 1992;Waldron, 2009), as a humancentric perspective focused on questions of broad medical interest regarding the evolutionary record of diseases that affect humans (e.g., Roberts, 2016;Santos & Matos, 2019;Waldron, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Paleobiological inferences from paleopathological occurrences in the Arctic ceratopsian Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum

Fiorillo

Tykoski

2022

The Anatomical Record

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As a key tool for understanding how animals lived in the past, paleopathology informs us about the lives and deaths of fossil animals. We identify paleopathologies within an assemblage of bones of the pachyrostran centrosaurine Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum, an Arctic ceratopsian. More than 1,000 bones of this dinosaur were collected from the Prince Creek Formation of North Slope, Alaska from fossil sites along the Colville River. Our survey shows the occurrence of paleopathology to be very low and comparable to other populations of horned dinosaurs from the lower latitudes, suggesting that the ancient Arctic environment did not impose intense hardships on these dinosaurs greater than in other environments, as expressed by paleopathological modification of the skeleton. This result may be due to the more equable mean annual temperatures in the Arctic region during the Cretaceous. Also of interest, the frequency of occurrence of paleopathology in the Arctic Pachyrhinosaurus population is very low compared to populations of fossil and historic quadrupedal artiodactyls that are recognized as long distance wanderers.

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“…In their study of the Portuguese GI market, Santos and Ribeiro [68] include not only wines but also olive oil and cheese. Using a sample collected from three different types of retailers, and hedonic price function estimation, they found a statistically significant price premium of between 26% and 46% for three of the six wines.…”

Section: The Price Premium Of Gi Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The food quality schemes of the European Union and their implications on the Hungarian market

Jantyik¹

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It is becoming increasingly important for consumers to know exactly what kind of foods they consume, while it is increasingly vital for food producers to excel from the competition in the global market. This requires a great deal of information exchange between these two market players. The most common way to do this is through various food labels. I have focused on one group of such labels in my research, trying to find out as much useful information as possible about the geographical indications (GI) of the European Union. I was looking for answers to the following questions: 1, How well-known are the labels of EU GI products among Hungarian consumers, and how well do they know their meaning? The awareness of the GI labels in Hungary is definitely low (in the best case, it was 31%), even if this number is not much lower than the average in the EU. This number is probably too low for these labels to be effective marketing tools for producers. It also includes the fact that only 50% of those who said they know the label know at least approximately the meaning of the label. Can you build a marketing campaign currently on these markings? Probably not an effective one, but what gives hope is that awareness of the labels compared to previous surveys is constantly increasing. The EU focuses on GI products, so this growth is expected to be continued. So far, the EU has completed more than 30 international agreements, which allow the recognition of many EU GI outside the boundaries of the EU and the recognition of non-EU GI inside the territories of the EU. GIs represent an increasingly important aspect of trade negotiations between the EU and other countries. The Commission separates around €50 million year after year to support quality products in the EU and all over the world. Taking this into account, these labels can play an important role in the food markets in the near future. 2, What is the level of trust in the labelling of EU GI products, and what influences this trust? About half of the respondents said that they trust the logo. When we analysed the possible variables, which can influence trust, we concluded that knowledge of logos is important because if someone knows the label, they have more than three times the chance to trust them, while in terms of meaning, the chance is almost double. Based on the research, we can say that gender, education, and age do not affect trust in EU GI labels. In the case of place of residence, it can be said that someone who lives in a more urban environment trusts less in GI labels. All in all, consumer education is most needed to build confidence in GI, as those who recognize the labels on food packaging or are aware of what those labels mean will treat these products with much greater confidence. 3, How often do consumers buy EU GI certified products, and what affects it? More than 35% of those surveyed are regular customers of GI-labelled products. The frequency of purchases is mostly determined by consumer confidence (the result is not significant for the PDO). Women become much fewer regular customers (not significant for the PGI). In terms of age, the older a consumer is, the less likely it is to become a regular buyer (not significant for PDO), while residents of rural, smaller settlements are more loyal buyers of PGI products. The highest level of education has no detectable effect here either. So, in this topic also, we have to repeat that the most important thing is to inform consumers as widely as possible. 4, In the Hungarian market, what is the market size of products with geographical indication, examining the example of discount stores? The number of GI products available in Hungarian discount stores is limited, with an average of 11 products per store. The supply is fairly constant; however, even though there are only a limited number of GI products on the shelves, they are at least always available to consumers and are part of the chains ’core product portfolio. However, the number of GI products usually increases during the thematic days (e.g., Greek days). We can see that the supply is very limited for GI products, so buyers rarely meet face to face with the label, they are even less likely to find out about the meaning of the markings on their own. Targeted information on GI labels is needed for consumers, and for that they start to appreciate them. 5, In Hungarian discount stores, what is the price premium of products with a geographical indication compared to their direct substitutes, estimated from below? The average price premium for GI products is 29% in the Aldi, 46% in the Penny Market and the highest was in Lidl with 54%. Overall, the average premium was around 43%. It is also important to mention that in addition to supply, prices did not really change during the observations. Although the price of some products may also change during promotional periods, consumers can plan to purchase GI products in advance. On the other hand, discount stores provide a continuous market for producers as well. 6, Are geographical indications positively related to comparative advantages in the beer market? Our results show that the number of GI-registered beers is positively related to comparative advantages. Countries with traditional beer products closely linked to their place of origin are usually with a higher level of comparative advantages as the number of GI beers positively determines SRCA indices. From this, it can be concluded that it is not pointless to promote the increase in the number of GI products and devote resources to GI labels.

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Contribution of paleopathology to the knowledge of the origin and spread of tuberculosis: evidence from Portugal

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

The Identification Potential of Atherosclerotic Calcifications in the Context of Forensic Anthropology

The Identification Potential of Atherosclerotic Calcifications in the Context of Forensic Anthropology

Paleobiological inferences from paleopathological occurrences in the Arctic ceratopsian Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum

The food quality schemes of the European Union and their implications on the Hungarian market

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