Contribution of periodontal pathogens on tongue dorsa analyzed with real-time PCR to oral malodor

Tanaka, Muneo; Yamamoto, Yumiko; Kuboniwa, Masae; Nonaka, A; Nishida, Nobuko; Maeda, Kengo; Kataoka, Kosuke; Nagata, Hideki; Shizukuishi, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.05.021

Cited by 95 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both links and distinctions were identified between these bacterial taxa and those oral-malodor-associated bacteria from other studies. Previous studies evaluating oral bacterial production of H 2 S or VSCs reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Solobacterium moorei, and Veillonella alcalescens were correlated with oral malodor (Stassinakis et al, 2002;Kazor et al, 2003;Tyrrell et al, 2003;Tanaka et al, 2004;Washio et al, 2005;Haraszthy et al, 2007;Takeshita et al, 2010). However, the findings were mostly based on tracking a few specific bacteria (Tanaka et al, 2004) or were dependent on bacterial culture (Tyrrell et al, 2003;Haraszthy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Basis of Oral Malodor Development in Humans

Yang

Huang

et al. 2013

J Dent Res

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To better understand the microbial basis of oral malodor development in humans, we used a cross-sectional and longitudinal study design and the pyrosequencing approach to track and compare the tongue microbiota associated with oral malodor in 29 Chinese adults who underwent a consecutive three-day evaluation for the amount of H 2 S excreted orally. Three levels of the oral malodor state (healthy, oral malodor, and severe oral malodor) were defined based on the H 2 S level. Community structure of the tongue plaques was more sensitive to changes of malodor state than to interpersonal variations or differences in sampling times. Within each individual, the structure of microbiota was relatively stable, while their variations were correlated with the change in the H 2 S level. Severe oral malodor microbiota were the most conserved in community structure, whereas the healthy ones were relatively varied. Oralmalodor-associated bacteria were identified. The relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Prevotella was positively correlated with oral malodor severity, whereas Hemophilus and Gemella exhibited a negative relationship with oral malodor severity. Our study provides one of the first landscapes of oral microbiota changes associated with oral malodor development and reveals microbes potentially useful to the evaluation and control of oral malodor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Basis of Oral Malodor Development in Humans

Yang

Huang

et al. 2013

J Dent Res

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“…There are many diagnostic techniques among which are organoleptic measurement, gas chromatography, and halimeter examination. 23,24,25,26 Since malodor originating from the mouth is due to the metabolic degradation of available proteinaceous substrates to malodorous gases by certain oral microorganisms, oral malodor can be ameliorated through: (1) Reduction of bacterial load, (2) reduction of nutrient availability, (3) conversion of VSC to nonvolatiles and (4) masking the malodor. Explanation of halitosis and instructions for oral hygiene (support and reinforcement of a patient's own self-care for further improvement of his/her oral hygiene).…”

Section: Therapeutic Approach To Manage Oral Halitosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach

Barbosa²,

2008

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Halitosis or bad breath is an oral health condition characterized by unpleasant odors emanating consistently from the oral cavity. The origin of halitosis may be related both to systemic and oral conditions, but a large percentage of cases, about 85%, are generally related to an oral cause. Causes include certain foods, poor oral health care, improper cleaning of dentures, dry mouth, tobacco products and medical conditions. Oral causes are related to deep carious lesions, periodontal disease, oral infections, peri-implant disease, pericoronitis, mucosal ulcerations, impacted food or debris and, mainly, tongue coating. Thus, the aim of the present review was to describe the etiological factors, prevalence data and the therapeutic mechanical and chemical approaches related to halitosis. In general, halitosis most often results from the microbial degradation of oral organic substrates including volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). So far, there are few studies evaluating the prevalence of oral malodor in the world population. These studies reported rates ranging from 22% to more than 50%. The mechanical and chemical treatment of halitosis has been addressed by several studies in the past four decades. Many authors agree that the solution of halitosis problems must include the reduction of the intraoral bacterial load and/or the conversion of VSC to nonvolatile substrates. This could be achieved by therapy procedures that reduce the amount of microorganisms and substrates, especially on the tongue.

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“…In the patients with periodontitis, elevated numbers of other VSC-producing bacteria were present in the oral cavity (Tanaka et al, 2004). Further detailed analysis should be performed to explore the relationship between the number of H. pylori present and halitosis levels.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Oral H Pylori and Oral Malodour In Periodontamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis

Suzuki

Yoneda

Naito

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, is considered a possible cause of halitosis. Recently, the oral cavity was identified as a possible H. pylori reservoir, particularly in the presence of periodontal disease, which is a cause of halitosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate by PCR the prevalence of oral H. pylori in the saliva of subjects complaining of halitosis. Samples were obtained from 326 non-dyspeptic subjects, comprising 251 subjects with actual malodour and 75 subjects without halitosis. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the presence of H. pylori and periodontopathic bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia was examined by PCR. H. pylori was detected in 21 (6.4 %) of 326 samples. The methyl mercaptan concentration and periodontal parameters including tooth mobility, periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and occult blood in the saliva were significantly greater in the H. pylori-positive subjects. Each of the periodontopathic bacteria was also detected at a significantly higher frequency in the H. pylori-positive subjects. Among those patients with a PPD of ¢5 mm and a tongue coating score of ¡2, no difference was observed in oral malodour levels between the H. pylori-positive and -negative subjects. However, the presence of occult blood in the saliva and the prevalence of Prevotella intermedia were significantly greater in the H. pylori-positive subjects. H. pylori was detected in 16 (15.7 %) of 102 subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that progression of periodontal pocket and inflammation may favour colonization by this species and that H. pylori infection may be indirectly associated with oral pathological halitosis following periodontitis. INTRODUCTIONHelicobacter pylori is a spiral, microaerophilic, Gramnegative bacterium that colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract, primarily the stomach (Covacci et al., 1999). It is also believed to be responsible for gastritis and peptic ulcers, and is a risk factor for gastric cancer (Dunn et al., 1992; Parsonnet et al., 1991;Warren & Marshall, 1983); however, the mode of transmission of H. pylori is poorly understood. Several studies have detected H. pylori in the human oral cavity, particularly in patients with gingivitis or chronic periodontitis (Anand et al., 2006; Gebara et al., 2006;Souto & Colombo, 2008), and have thus suggested that the oral cavity is the primary extragastric reservoir for H. pylori. In contrast, other studies have failed to find evidence supporting the role of the oral cavity as a major reservoir of H. pylori (Czesnikiewicz-Guzik et al., 2004;Loster et al., 2006).Halitosis is a common problem in humans, and oral malodour is largely caused by periodontitis, tongue debris, poor oral hygiene, deep caries, inadequately fitted restorations and endodontic lesions (Rosenberg et al., 1991;Tonzetich, 1977;Yoneda et al., 2006); specifically, it is primarily the result of the microbial metabolism of amino acids in local debris (Scully et al.,...

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Contribution of periodontal pathogens on tongue dorsa analyzed with real-time PCR to oral malodor

Cited by 95 publications

References 29 publications

Microbial Basis of Oral Malodor Development in Humans

Microbial Basis of Oral Malodor Development in Humans

Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach

Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis

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