Contribution of Sensory Encoding to Measured Bias

Jin, Miaomiao; Glickfeld, Lindsey L.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0076-19.2019

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…While Ai203 is particularly advantageous for 2p optogenetics, the potent st-ChroME expression will also assist in applications involving conventional 1p activation. As one example, we demonstrated that 1p activation of V1 in Vglut1-Cre;Ai203 mice altered performance in a detection task, matching previous findings using channelrhodopsin in excitatory neurons (Cone et al, 2020;Jin & Glickfeld, 2019). In addition, soma-targeting is important for less conventional 1p approaches where spatial resolution with 1p illumination is needed (Wu et al, 2013;Xue et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Ultra-precise all-optical manipulation of neural circuits with multifunctional Cre-dependent transgenic mice

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Sadahiro²,

Hendricks³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Causally relating the detailed structure and function of neural circuits to behavior requires the ability to precisely and simultaneously write-in and read-out neural activity. All optical systems that combine two photon (2p) calcium imaging and targeted photostimulation provide such an approach, but require co-expression of an activity indicator, such as GCaMP, and an optogenetic actuator, ideally a potent soma-targeted opsin. In the mammalian brain, such co-expression has so far been achieved by viral transduction, which is invasive and can produce variable, focal, and sometimes toxic overexpression. To overcome this challenge, we developed and validated a Cre-reporter mouse ("Ai203") that conditionally expresses a soma-targeted opsin, ChroME, fused to GCaMP7s. 1p or 2p illumination of expressing neurons in vitro and in vivo produces powerful, precise activation comparable to viral expression of ChroME. The soma-targeted GCaMP7s provides sensitive activity measurements for tracking physiological activity, and the soma-targeted ChroME provides powerful control over neural ensemble activity with holographic optogenetics. We further demonstrate the use of the Ai203 reporter line in 1p optogenetic manipulation of performance on a cortex-dependent visual task and in 2p synaptic connectivity mapping. This new transgenic line could thus greatly facilitate the study of neural circuits by providing a flexible, convenient, and stable tool for all-optical access to large, cell-type specific neural populations throughout the nervous system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Ultra-precise all-optical manipulation of neural circuits with multifunctional Cre-dependent transgenic mice

Bounds

Sadahiro²,

Hendricks³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Irrespective of whether side choice behavior is innate or learned, the fact that we could use it to identify subjects clearly indicates that this behavior should have a stable internal representation, one which could derive from functional asymmetries in neuronal circuitry. Internal factors and asymmetries in sensory encoding and inhibitory control have been associated with choice biases ( Langen et al, 2011 ; Novak et al, 2016 ; Jin and Glickfeld, 2019 ; Linares et al, 2019 ). Most importantly, stereotypies in mice could share some mechanisms with stereotypies in human mental disorders ( Langen et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Choice Biases in Mice and Humans

Treviño

León

Haro

2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The contribution of non-sensory information processing to perceptual decision making is not fully understood. Choice biases have been described for mice and humans and are highly prevalent even if they decrease rewarding outcomes. Choice biases are usually reduced by discriminability because stimulus strength directly enables the adjustments in the decision strategies used by decision-makers. However, choice biases could also derive from functional asymmetries in sensory processing, decision making, or both. Here, we tested how particular experimental contingencies influenced the production of choice biases in mice and humans. Our main goal was to establish the tasks and methods to jointly characterize psychometric performance and innate side-choice behavior in mice and humans. We implemented forced and un-forced visual tasks and found that both species displayed stable levels of side-choice biases, forming continuous distributions from low to high levels of choice stereotypy. Interestingly, stimulus discriminability reduced the side-choice biases in forced-choice, but not in free-choice tasks. Choice biases were stable in appearance and intensity across experimental days and could be employed to identify mice and human participants. Additionally, side- and alternating choices could be reinforced for both mice and humans, implying that choice biases were adaptable to non-visual manipulations. Our results highlight the fact that internal and external elements can influence the production of choice biases. Adaptations of our tasks could become a helpful diagnostic tool to detect aberrant levels of choice variability.

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“…However, this is most likely because of an adaptation-dependent reduction in firing rates in response to both targets and distractors (i.e., signal and noise), which will decrease the optimal criterion (and increase bias because bias is measured relative to optimal). Thus, changes in sensory processing in V1, in the absence of cognitive mechanisms whereby the mouse increases its criterion, are sufficient to explain this change in bias (Witt et al, 2015;Jin and Glickfeld, 2018). The lack of effect of ISI on lapse rate also argues against a cognitive mechanism for the effects of ISI on behavior.…”

Section: °4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Adaptation Reveals a Suboptimal Decoding of Orientation Tuned Populations in the Mouse Visual Cortex

2019

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Sensory information is encoded by populations of cortical neurons. Yet, it is unknown how this information is used for even simple perceptual choices such as discriminating orientation. To determine the computation underlying this perceptual choice, we took advantage of the robust visual adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). We first designed a stimulus paradigm in which we could vary the degree of neuronal adaptation measured in V1 during an orientation discrimination task. We then determined how adaptation affects task performance for mice of both sexes and tested which neuronal computations are most consistent with the behavioral results given the adapted population responses in V1. Despite increasing the reliability of the population representation of orientation among neurons, and improving the ability of a variety of optimal decoders to discriminate target from distractor orientations, adaptation increases animals' behavioral thresholds. Decoding the animals' choice from neuronal activity revealed that this unexpected effect on behavior could be explained by an overreliance of the perceptual choice circuit on target preferring neurons and a failure to appropriately discount the activity of neurons that prefer the distractor. Consistent with this all-positive computation, we find that animals' task performance is susceptible to subtle perturbations of distractor orientation and optogenetic suppression of neuronal activity in V1. This suggests that to solve this task the circuit has adopted a suboptimal and task-specific computation that discards important task-related information.

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Contribution of Sensory Encoding to Measured Bias

Cited by 29 publications

References 55 publications

Ultra-precise all-optical manipulation of neural circuits with multifunctional Cre-dependent transgenic mice

Ultra-precise all-optical manipulation of neural circuits with multifunctional Cre-dependent transgenic mice

Adaptive Choice Biases in Mice and Humans

Neuronal Adaptation Reveals a Suboptimal Decoding of Orientation Tuned Populations in the Mouse Visual Cortex

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