Contribution of Simple Hydrogeological Indicating Methods in Contamination-Impacted Environments

Abstract

IzvlečekUDK 556.3:504 Slavomír Mikita & Vladimír Vybíral: Uporaba metode preprostih hidrogeoloških indikatorjev v onesnaženih okoljih V okviru projekta slovaškega ministrstva za okolje, smo v obdobju štirih let izvajali raziskave vpliva različnih virov onesnaževal na vodne vire. Izbrali smo več področij z različno geološko sestavo v zahodnih Karpatih . Rezultati so potrdili, da je vpliv virov onesnaženj spremenljiv v prostoru in času, zato učinkovita zaščita vodnih virov zahteva veliko prostorsko in časovno gostoto informacij in raziskav. Da bi pri tem zmanjšali uporabo dragih in zapletenih metod, smo uporabili metodo hidrogeoloških indikatorjev (HIM), ki temelji na osnovi povezave med koncentracijo onesnaževal in osnovnimi fizikalnimi parametri vode, kot sta temperatura in specifična električna prevodnost. Merjenje teh parametrov omogoča posredno zaznavanje onesnaževal. če njihovo zvezno opazovanje združimo s točkovnimi analizami vode in ostalimi terenskimi metodami, lahko vzpostavimo učinkovito in cenovno ugodno kartiranje širjenja onesnaževal. Ključne besede: onesnaževanje, okolje, specifična električna prevodnost, temperatura vode, informacije. Under the project of Ministry of the environment of Slovak Republic a "real" impact of various contaminant sources on water was monitored and assessed during the period of 4 years. Various geological environments of The Western Carpathians were chosen as studying areas. The results of the project confirm that the influence of the contamination source is variable in space and time. An amount of objective and efficient information is necessary to fulfill the requirements for the water treatment. The possibility how to minimize the amount of expensive and intricate methods used by investigation was to connect them with hydrogeological indicating methods (HIM). The correlated relations distinguished between contaminant and physical characteristics of water allow using the obtained local information in larger area and repeating them in higher frequency. The economical benefit is relative to increasing demands on space and time. The base was built on the water conductivity and water temperature measurements set in field. The measured values which were processed basically allow obtaining indirect information about the contamination spreading. By correlation the values with water analyses for a monitoring site from specific studied locality and by added other information from field methods the results can be amplified. It is possible to substitute the intricate and expensive contaminant spreading mapping methods by HIM and monitor the dynamic changes of contamination influences in space and time with denser data net.