Contribution of socioeconomic status to the risk of small for gestational age infants – a population-based study of 1,390,165 singleton live births in Finland

Räisänen, Sari; Gissler, Mika; Sankilampi, Ulla; Saari, Juho; Kramer, Michael R.; Heinonen, Seppo

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-12-28

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The results of our study oppose several studies in Brazil, Europe, Asia and North America, which found a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among families of low socioeconomic class, education, and whose parents had manual jobs 13,[15][16][17][18][19]32,34,[40][41][42][43] . The main strength of this study is the use of a random population-based sample (a 1/3 of the births of São Luís' residents), which allows for generalization of the results for the general population of live births.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 92%

Maternal socioeconomic factors and adverse perinatal outcomes in two birth cohorts, 1997/98 and 2010, in São Luís, Brazil

Cavalcante

Ribeiro

Lamy-Filho

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Several studies have identified social inequalities in low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which, in recent years, have diminished or disappeared in certain locations. Objectives: Estimate the LBW, PTB, and IUGR rates in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, in 2010, and check for associations between socioeconomic factors and these indicators. Methods: This study is based on a birth cohort performed in São Luís. It included 5,051 singleton hospital births in 2010. The chi-square test was used for proportion comparisons, while simple and multiple Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to estimate relative risks. Results: LBW, PTB and IUGR rates were 7.5, 12.2, and 10.3% respectively. LBW was higher in low-income families, while PTB and IUGR were not associated with socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: The absence or weak association of these indicators with social inequality point to improvements in health care and/or in social conditions in São Luís.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 92%

Maternal socioeconomic factors and adverse perinatal outcomes in two birth cohorts, 1997/98 and 2010, in São Luís, Brazil

Cavalcante

Ribeiro

Lamy-Filho

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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“…Our results are consistent with other studies that have observed a significant increased risk of term SGA associated with maternal age [10], [11] and nulliparity [11], [12]. Previous studies confirm that sociodemographic status is associated with a greater risk of SGA, although these studies did not divide SGA by preterm and term delivery [15], [36]. Berg et al conducted path analysis to examine the relationship between maternal education and SGA using population-based cohort study data and showed that a significantly increased risk of SGA delivery among women with less education was related foremost to maternal smoking and, to some degree, to maternal height [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Berg et al conducted path analysis to examine the relationship between maternal education and SGA using population-based cohort study data and showed that a significantly increased risk of SGA delivery among women with less education was related foremost to maternal smoking and, to some degree, to maternal height [15]. A population-based case-control study using Finnish birth register data also confirmed that between high and low socioeconomic status groups, 50% of the difference in risk of SGA was due to smoking [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes among Term and Preterm Infants Born Small-for-Gestational-Age: Secondary Analyses of the WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSmall for gestational age (SGA) is not only a major indicator of perinatal mortality and morbidity, but also the morbidity risks in later in life. We aim to estimate the association between the birth of SGA infants and the risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among twenty-nine countries in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia in 359 health facilities in 2010–11.MethodsWe analysed facility-based, cross-sectional data from the WHO Multi-country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models with random effects for facilities and countries to estimate the risk factors for SGA infants using country-specific birthweight reference standards in preterm and term delivery, and SGA’s association with adverse perinatal outcomes. We compared the risks and adverse perinatal outcomes with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants categorized by preterm and term delivery.ResultsA total of 295,829 singleton infants delivered were analysed. The overall prevalence of SGA was highest in Cambodia (18.8%), Nepal (17.9%), the Occupied Palestinian Territory (16.1%), and Japan (16.0%), while the lowest was observed in Afghanistan (4.8%), Uganda (6.6%) and Thailand (9.7%). The risk of preterm SGA infants was significantly higher among nulliparous mothers and mothers with chronic hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR: 2.89; 95% CI: 2.55–3.28) compared with AGA infants. Higher risks of term SGA were observed among sociodemographic factors and women with preeclampsia/eclampsia, anaemia and other medical conditions. Multiparity (> = 3) (AOR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.92) was a protective factor for term SGA. The risk of perinatal mortality was significantly higher in preterm SGA deliveries in low to high HDI countries.ConclusionPreterm SGA is associated with medical conditions related to preeclampsia, but not with sociodemographic status. Term SGA is associated with sociodemographic status and various medical conditions.

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“…Socioeconomic position, income, childhood health, and environment (Astone et al, 2007;Correia & Barros, 2014), smoking habits, and body mass index (BMI) play an important role in the future child's birth weight and gestational age when born (Räisänen et al, 2013a(Räisänen et al, , 2013b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Cohort Study of Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth in Twins and Singletons

et al. 2015

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To date, several studies have investigated the intergenerational effect of preterm and small-for-gestationalage (SGA) births. However, most studies excluded both twin mothers and twin offspring from the analyses. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the intergenerational effect of preterm birth and SGA births among twins and singletons. A prospective population-based register study of mother-firstborn offspring pairs recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register was performed. The study included 4,073 twins and 264,794 singletons born from 1973-1983 and their firstborns born from 1986-2009. Preterm birth was defined as birth at <37 weeks of gestation, and SGA as birth weight <2 standard deviations of the Swedish standard. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the intergenerational effect of each birth characteristic. Adjustments were made for maternal grandmothers' and mothers' socio-demographic factors, in addition to maternal birth characteristics. Among mothers born as singletons, being born preterm was associated with an increased risk of delivering a preterm child (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.39, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.29-1.50), while being born SGA increased the likelihood of having an SGA child (adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI = 2.80-3.30) as well as a preterm child (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20-1.40). In twin mothers, the corresponding ORs tended to be lower, and the only statistically significant association was between an SGA mother and an SGA child (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI = 1.40-3.31). A statistically significant interaction between twinning and mother's size for gestational age was identified in a multivariate linear regression analysis, indicating that singleton mothers born SGA were associated with a lower birth weight compared with mothers not born SGA. Preterm birth and SGA appear to be transferred from one generation to the next, although not always reaching statistical significance. These effects seem to be less evident in mothers born as twins compared with those born as singletons.

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Contribution of socioeconomic status to the risk of small for gestational age infants – a population-based study of 1,390,165 singleton live births in Finland

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Maternal socioeconomic factors and adverse perinatal outcomes in two birth cohorts, 1997/98 and 2010, in São Luís, Brazil

Maternal socioeconomic factors and adverse perinatal outcomes in two birth cohorts, 1997/98 and 2010, in São Luís, Brazil

Risk Factors and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes among Term and Preterm Infants Born Small-for-Gestational-Age: Secondary Analyses of the WHO Multi-Country Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

Intergenerational Cohort Study of Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth in Twins and Singletons

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