Contribution of Soot Contaminated Oils to Wear

Gautam, Mridul; Durbha, Murali; Chitoor, Karthik; Jaraiedi, Majid; Mariwalla, N.; Ripple, Dave

doi:10.4271/981406

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A number of works have also been reported where different tribometric contacts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], which used engine oil soot [9,10] as well as soots suspended in a variety of solvents with and without additives [8,11,12], have been examined to investigate different mechanisms which may be held responsible for this enhancement of wear. Based on these studies it emerges that the wear may be related principally to abrasion [1,2,8,[13][14][15][16][17] of a softer component by the harder soot particles. Some workers have also reported wear by adhesion [10,12] and by a polishing mechanism [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Bhowmick

Biswas

2011

Tribol Lett

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Ethylene gas is burnt and the soot generated is sampled thermophoretically at different heights along the flame axis starting from a region close to the root of the flame. The morphology and crystallinity of the particle are recorded using high resolution transmission electron microscopes. The hardness of a single particle is measured using a nanoindenter. The frictional resistance and material removal of a particle are measured using an atomic force microscope. The particles present in the mid-flame region are found to have a crystalline shell. The ones at the flame root are found to be highly disordered and the ones at the flame tip and above have randomly distributed pockets of short range order. The physical state of a particle is found to relate, but not very strongly, with the mechanical and tribological properties of the particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Bhowmick

Biswas

2011

Tribol Lett

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“…In diesel engine lubrication, soot has long been recognized as the major contaminant that is detrimental to engine lubrication, particularly in friction and wear. From the studies of different tribometric contacts, wear of engine components is believed to be abraded [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] by harder soot particles or the polishing of the steel surfaces [1,8]. Besides, the influence of a huge number of variables (size, structure, aggregation, viscosity, additive influence, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry tribology and nanomechanics of gaseous flame soot in comparison with carbon black and diesel soot

Bhowmick

Majumdar

Biswas

2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Ethylene gas is burnt and the carbon soot particles are thermophoretically collected using a home-built equipment where the fuel air injection and intervention into the 7.5-cm long flame are controlled using three small pneumatic cylinders and computer-driven controllers. The physical and mechanical properties and tribological performance of the collected soot are compared with those of carbon black and diesel soot. The crystalline structures of the nanometric particles generated in the flame, as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron studies, are shown to vary from the flame root to the exhaust. As the particle journeys upwards the flame, through a purely amorphous coagulated phase at the burner nozzle, it leads to a well-defined crystalline phase shell in the mid-flame zone and to a disordered phase consisting of randomly distributed short-range crystalline order at the exhaust. In the mid-flame region, a large shell of radial-columnar order surrounds a dense amorphous core. The hardness and wear resistance as well as friction coefficient of the soot extracted from this zone are low. The mechanical properties characteristics of this zone may be attributed to microcrystalline slip. Moving towards the exhaust, the slip is inhibited and there is an increase in hardness and friction compared to those in the mid-flame zone. This study of the comparison of flame soot to carbon black and diesel soot is further extended to suggest a rationale based on additional physico-chemical study using micro-Raman spectroscopy.

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“…The implications of diesel soot particles on wear of the engine have been investigated by various researchers. Gautam et al [15] found that the wear of lubricated engine components is proportional to the soot concentration in the lubricating oil. Studies by Sato et al [16] and Green et al [14] confirmed this observation and discovered further that the effect is more significant for thinner films, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black

Pfau

Rocca

Haffner-Staton

et al. 2018

Carbon

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a b s t r a c tTwo gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) and two diesel soot-in-oil samples were compared with one flame-generated soot sample. High resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging was employed for the initial qualitative assessment of the soot morphology. Carbon black and diesel soot both exhibit core-shell structures, comprising an amorphous core surrounded by graphene layers; only diesel soot has particles with multiple cores. In addition to such particles, GTDI soot also exhibits entirely amorphous structures, of which some contain crystalline particles only a few nanometers in diameter. Subsequent quantification of the nanostructure by fringe analysis indicates differences between the samples in terms of length, tortuosity, and separation of the graphitic fringes. The shortest fringes are exhibited by the GTDI samples, whilst the diesel soot and carbon black fringes are 9.7% and 15.1% longer, respectively. Fringe tortuosity is similar across the internal combustion engine samples, but lower for the carbon black sample. In contrast, fringe separation varies continuously among the samples. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the observed differences. The GTDI soot samples contain the highest fraction of amorphous carbon and defective graphitic structures, followed by diesel soot and carbon black respectively. The A D1 :A G ratios correlate linearly with both the fringe length and fringe separation.

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Contribution of Soot Contaminated Oils to Wear

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Dry tribology and nanomechanics of gaseous flame soot in comparison with carbon black and diesel soot

Comparative nanostructure analysis of gasoline turbocharged direct injection and diesel soot-in-oil with carbon black

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