Contribution of the generalized (r, q) distributed electrons in the formation of nonlinear ion acoustic waves in upper ionospheric plasmas

Abstract

The properties of ion acoustic solitary and periodic structures are studied in magnetized two-ion component (O+ − H+ − e) plasmas with (r, q) distributed electrons. It is found that two modes of ion acoustic waves, namely, fast and slow modes, can propagate in such a plasma. The nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation is derived using the well-known reductive perturbation method. Employing the theory of planar dynamical systems, the system under consideration is found to admit compressive (hump) and rarefactive (dip) solitary structures and periodic wave solutions. It is found that behavior of propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic solitary structures is different for fast and slow modes owing to the difference in physics of the two modes. The effect of the double spectral indices r and q is thoroughly explored. It is shown that altering the shape of the distribution function through these indices radically alter the propagation characteristics of nonlinear ion acoustic waves. The ratio of concentration of heavy (O+) to light ions (H+) is found to change the fast mode, whereas the temperature ratio is observed to alter the slow mode. We have applied our study to the upper ionosphere where bi-ion plasmas and the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons have been observed by various satellite missions.

On the oblique electrostatic waves in a dusty plasma with non-Maxwellian electrons for Saturn’s magnetosphere

“…Sidra et al investigated the ion acoustic solitons and periodic structures in upper ionospheric plasmas. 31 The interaction of DIASWs has been studied for Saturn's rings with (r, q) distributed electrons with cubic nonlinearity to investigate the influence of spectral indices on interaction regime. 32 Saturn's magnetosphere (SMS) being the second largest magnetosphere of all the planets in the solar system, discovered for the first time in 1979 by the Pioneer-11 spacecraft, is created due to the interaction of sun wind with the internal MF of the planet.…”

“…Sidra et al investigated the ion acoustic solitons and periodic structures in upper ionospheric plasmas. 31 The interaction of DIASWs has been studied for Saturn’s rings with ( r , q ) distributed electrons with cubic nonlinearity to investigate the influence of spectral indices on interaction regime. 32…”

Interaction of electron acoustic solitons in auroral region for an electron beam plasma system

“…Since then, the effects of double spectral index (r, q) on the linear and nonlinear propagation of plasma waves have been investigated by a few researchers. Since the successful explanation of terrestrial lion roars employing (r, q) distribution by Qureshi et al (2014), there has been a substantial literature that highlights importance of using double index (r, q) distribution to explain numerous features observed in space plasmas and also the theoretical exploration of the effects of low and high energy electrons in the distribution function on the linear and nonlinear propagation of waves in plasmas (Shah et al, 2018;Qureshi et al, 2019;Khalid et al, 2020;Naeem et al, 2020;Ullah et al, 2020;Ali et al, 2021;El-Taibany et al, 2021;Shohaib et al, 2021;Masood et al, 2022;Shohaib et al, 2022).…”

Propagation of different kinds of non-linear ion-acoustic waves in Earth’s magnetosphere

“…To understand the behaviour and properties of different types of wave solutions to non-linear differential equations, investigative analysis must occur due to the increased interest in the field of space research in recent years. There are many theoretical studies on the properties of plasma fluid formed in the Earth's ionosphere or on other planets including Ali et al (2021); Tolba et al (2017Tolba et al ( , 2021; Salem et al (2017), and Moslem et al (2019a). Many different non-linear effects occur on ionospheric plasma under the influence of strong radio emissions according to Levine et al (2020); Golikov et al (2016); Pavlov et al (2000), and Ma et al (2012).…”