Contribution of the Northeast Cold Vortex Index and Multiscale Synergistic Indices to Extreme Precipitation Over Northeast China

Wu, Xianghua; Meng, Fangxiu; Liu, Peng; Zhou, Jieqin; Liu, Duanyang; Xie, Kang; Zhu, Qihao; Hu, Jingbiao; Sun, Hua; Xing, Fengjuan

doi:10.1029/2020ea001435

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is more significant in the areas from the southern Tibetan Plateau to western Yunnan, northeastern China, and eastern Sichuan Basin than in the other regions of China. The seasonal variation of the Indian monsoon [52], Northeast cold vortex [53], and East Asian monsoon [54] play a role in these three regions, respectively. The interannual variability has a similar spatial distribution to the seasonal variability.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variations Of The Clearnes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual Variation in Mainland China’s Atmosphere Clearness Index Associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Song,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Atmosphere clearness is the single most essential parameter determining surface solar radiation. However, few studies have investigated the interannual variations in China’s atmosphere clearness and the impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on it. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by calculating the clearness index using the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset version 1.7 and then analyzing the correlations between the interannual anomaly and the Niño-3.4 index. The results show that there is a significantly negative correlation in the southeastern coastal regions, northern Xinjiang, northeastern Xizang, and areas from northern Hebei to middle Inner Mongolia. In these areas, the higher the ENSO index, the lower the clearness index, and, coincidingly, positive precipitation anomalies are reported in previous studies. The impacts of El Niño and La Niña vary with seasons. The ENSO events have generally opposite impacts in the seasons other than summer. El Niño tends to decrease the clearness index, while La Niña tends to decrease the atmosphere clearness in most territories of China. The impacts are different in the places of statistical significance. The negative impacts of El Niño are significant in the southeastern coastal regions of China in winter and in northeast China in autumn. The positive impacts of La Niña are significant in the southwestern and northeastern China in the autumn. In these seasons, ENSO’s impacts scale with the strength of the event. Stronger events amplify the magnitude of the anomalies, while the spatial patterns of the anomalies are kept almost invariant. In summer, ENSO’s impacts exhibit different characteristics than in the other seasons and between the El Niño and La Niña events. For the El Niño events, the impacts are insignificant in most territories of China, even for the strong ones. La Niña has a larger influence on the summertime clearness than El Niña, and the spatial pattern of the La Niña’s impacts varies with the event strength. The anomalies during strong La Niña events have a tripolar pattern with a positive anomaly in south and north China and a negative anomaly in between. The pattern suggests that the relationship between the clearness index and precipitation is different during strong La Niña events. These findings would provide valuable insights into the interannual variations of atmosphere clearness in China and could be clues to further investigation. The revealed impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation should be important for developing solar energy.

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Section: Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variations Of The Clearnes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual Variation in Mainland China’s Atmosphere Clearness Index Associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Song,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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“…So far, substantial influential factors that modulate drought conditions over Northeast China, for instance, the East Asian summer monsoon (Chen et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2007; Shen et al., 2011; Zhang & Zhou, 2015), cold vortices (Wu et al., 2021; Xue et al., 2022), teleconnection patterns over the Eurasian continent (Tao & Zhang, 2019; Wang & He, 2015), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (Du et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2022), have been documented. Moreover, the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (e.g., Han et al., 2017, 2018; Xu et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2022) along with the Arctic sea ice anomalies (e.g., Du et al., 2022; Han et al., 2023; X. Li et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022) also exert pronounced effects on drought/flooding variations in Northeast China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Intensity of Interannual Variability of May Drought in Northeast China After 2000 and Its Connection With the Barents Sea Ice

Hu,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, this article demonstrates that the intensity of interannual variability (IIV) of May drought in Northeast China has enhanced remarkably after entering into the 21st century. Relative to 1980–1999, the percentage increase of IIV reaches 70% during 2000–2016. Such an enhancement is well supported by the intensification of IIVs in the East Asian polar front jet stream (EAPJ), East Asian subtropical jet stream (EASJ), and lower‐level anticyclonic circulation anomaly over Northeast China. Remarkable impact from the Barents Sea ice in April is also highlighted. With respect to the former period, a substantial increase occurs as well in the IIV of April Barents Sea ice during 2000–2016. Due to larger IIV in the latter period, the decline of April Barents Sea ice can exert evident effects on heat fluxes, consequently resulting in a significant increase of surface air temperature (SAT) in situ in May. The increased SAT further induces a wave train propagating southeastward to the East Asian region from the Barents Sea, which leads to a strengthened EAPJ and a weakened EASJ in the upper level, concomitant with an anomalous anticyclonic circulation covering Northeast China in the lower level. These atmospheric circulation anomalies link to the drought variability over Northeast China. Thus, the increase in the IIV of April Barents Sea ice favors the enhanced IIV of May drought in Northeast China.

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“…The well-defined cold vortex intensity index (NECVI) is a well-known indicator of this relationship with extreme precipitation. Water vapor converges in the negative abnormal years of NECVI, corresponding to enhancements in heavy precipitation in Northeast China [19]. A strong (weak) Okhotsk High is conducive (detrimental) to the convergence of cold air transported by northeast cold vortex and water vapor from east of Northeast China, eventually leading to an increase (decrease) in precipitation [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wind field of 850 hPa, used as a characteristic index of regional precipitation, can even predict the start date of heavy precipitation. In early and late summer, the water vapor anomaly mainly converges in the southwest during strong NECVI years [19]. Low tropospheric relative humidity (RH) is a prominent environmental factor during the monsoon season [22] and is influenced by the effect of the terrain on the NECVHR [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

et al. 2022

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As an important component of the East Asian monsoon system, the northeast cold vortex (NECV) exerts a significant impact on weather and climate, especially in Northeast China. This study investigated the interdecadal spatiotemporal variability of heavy rainfall under the cold vortex of Northeast China (NECVHR) and its relationship with sea surface temperature (SST) during 1961–2019 over Northeast China. To investigate the dominant factors affecting variability in the heavy rainfall between May and September, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was performed. To detect the trends and changes, a Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used. The sliding t-test was used to identify the change points and the significance. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SST and NECVHR, and the t-test was used to verify the significance. The results showed that the total amount of cold vortex heavy rainfall during May–September ranged from 153 to 12509 mm for 1961–2019. An abrupt interdecadal change was seen after 2014 in Northeast China. The EOF analyses revealed that the first, second, and third EOFs explain 76%, 12.1%, and 5.5% of the total variance, respectively. The EOF followed the heavy rainfall pattern, with increases in the south (southeast) and decreases in the north (northwest) over Northeast China. Heavy rainfall over Northeast China positively correlated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) index. The heavier rainfall under cold vortex (MCVHR) years revealed that the equipotential height was obviously located over the Sea of Japan, west of Northeast China and the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The cyclonic circulation over the East China Sea and north (northeasterly) wind prevails over Northeast China during less heavy rainfall under cold vortex (LCVHR) years. A high anticyclonic circulation over the Qinghai Tibet plateau resulted in stronger cold advection over Northeast China. The anticyclonic circulations over the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan (east), and the western (southwesterly) winds prevail over Northeast China, with a relatively shallow cold trough over the Qinghai Tibet plateau. The findings in this paper provided a better understanding of the interdecadal variability of NECVHR over Northeast China. The findings can be helpful for several stakeholders regarding agricultural production, water resource management, and natural habitat conversation in Northeast China.

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Contribution of the Northeast Cold Vortex Index and Multiscale Synergistic Indices to Extreme Precipitation Over Northeast China

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Interannual Variation in Mainland China’s Atmosphere Clearness Index Associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Interannual Variation in Mainland China’s Atmosphere Clearness Index Associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Enhanced Intensity of Interannual Variability of May Drought in Northeast China After 2000 and Its Connection With the Barents Sea Ice

Possible Relationships between the Interdecadal Anomalies of Heavy Rainfall under Northeastern China Cold Vortexes and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

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