Contribution of trees and grasslands to the mitigation of human heat stress in a residential district of Freiburg, Southwest Germany

Lee, Hyunjung; Mayer, Helmut; Liang, Chi-Jung

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.004

Cited by 424 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As reported within a 50-m radius, critical parameters with significant influence on the minimum temperature (T min ) and average temperature (T avg ) values include the green plot ratio (GnPR), total tree leaf area (TREE), and percentage of green area (GREEN); parameters with significant influence on the maximum temperature (T max ) are sky view factor (SVF), GnPR, TREE, and GREEN [7]. Parks have significant cooling effect upon nearby buildings, and the distance from the nearest park can affect the ambient temperature in a given area [8][9][10]. As the cooling effects of vegetation or water extend into the surroundings, a park can reduce the air temperature in a busy commercial area by up to 1.5 • C [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

et al. 2018

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Abstract:It is important to alleviate the "heat island effect" in urban areas, especially tropical cities. Microclimate is normally affected by the urban morphology parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the correlation between air temperature variations and urban morphology parameters in tropical cities. Field measurement was carried out to record the air temperature at 27 points within an 8 km 2 urban area continuously in Singapore for one year. Geographical information system was applied to extract the urban morphology parameters. Generally, the maximum and minimum air temperature spatial differences in the study area ranged from 3.2 to 6.5 • C, indicating the significant effects of urban morphology on the air temperatures. Based on the fitting results of created multilinear regression models, parametric study has been performed to investigate the specific effects of urban morphology parameters on air temperatures. This work has proposed a much more precise regression model to predict the air temperature with various urban morphology parameters. In addition, meaningful value of reference has been offered for urban planners and landscape designers to effectively control the air temperature in tropical cities such as Singapore.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

et al. 2018

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“…The spatial distribution of thermal conditions at the street level depends strongly on aspect ratio and street direction, as shown by Algeciras et al [12]. Influence of trees on human thermal comfort has been quantified for a heat wave day by Lee et al [13]. Zheng et al [14] evaluated the influence of different vegetation species on the outdoor thermal environment using a numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the recently proposed UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) presents a more complicated heat-budget-based approach and has been increasingly used by bio-meteorological studies [15,16]. From these previous studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], solar radiation shading, lowering of surface temperature, the improvement of ventilation has been shown to be effective for the improvement of the thermal comfort in urban street canyons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than that, there may be a desirable spatial distribution. The spatial distribution of thermal environment has been studied by Ali-Toudert and Mayer [9], Lee et al [13], Chen et al [21], using Mean radiant temperature as an outdoor thermal comfort index. They also pointed out that building geometry and vegetation play the most significant role in affecting thermal comfort index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Environmental Design in Outdoor Space Focusing on Radiation Environment Influenced by Ground Cover Material and Solar Shading, through the Examination on the Redevelopment Buildings in Front of Central Osaka Station

Takebayashi

Kyogoku

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:The outdoor open space is used for various purposes, e.g., to walk, rest, talk, meet, study, exercise, play, perform, eat, and drink. Therefore, it is desirable to provide various thermal environments according to users' needs and their actual conditions. In this study, the radiation environment was evaluated, focusing on ground cover materials and solar radiation shading, through the examination on the redevelopment buildings in front of Central Osaka Station. The spatial distribution of solar radiation shading was calculated using ArcGIS and building shape data. Surface temperatures on the ground and wall are calculated based on the surface heat budget equation. MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature) of the human body is calculated assuming that the human body is a sphere. The most dominant factor for the radiant environment is solar radiation shielding and the next is the improvement of surface cover. It is difficult to make SET* (Standard new Effective Temperature) comfortable in the afternoon by both solar radiation shielding and improved surface cover because the air temperature is too high on a typical summer day (August). However, particularly in Rooftop Gardens and Green Garden, because the areas of shade grass and water are large, there are several places where people do not feel uncomfortable.

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“…The ENVI-met model is normally utilized to simulate urban and landscaped environments in terms of potential air and surface temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and other variables. The ENVI-met model has also been employed to examine the effect of greenery [17], [18] and paved areas [19], [20] on the thermal environment. Most investigations have focused on either the effect of vegetation and pavements on the environment or the differences between thermal stress in the current state and those in various scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Cooling Effects of Greening for Improving the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Penang, Malaysia

Tukiran¹

2017

GEOMATE

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Shade tree coverage and reflective pavements are useful mitigation strategies to help cool the air and provide shade. It also helps to lower building energy consumption by providing better outdoor boundary conditions. This study presents a simulation approach to evaluate and determine the cooling effect of greening modification developments of a study area on the surrounding environment. This study presents two approaches, including an on-site measurement and a numerical simulation model that uses ENVI-met V 4.0 BETA. Five scenarios with different types of tree coverage and density canopy by adding reflective pavements at ground surface are used. This study was conducted at the RST Complex of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The simulation results showed significantly lower air temperatures in three greening scenarios compared to the current condition scenario with 10% tree coverage. Increasing 20% of tree coverage with less dense and high dense of canopy in the study area led to a maximum air temperature reduction of up to 0.97 °C and 1.15 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, increasing 20% tree coverage with a highly dense canopy and applying reflective pavements on the ground surface contributed to a maximum air temperature reduction of up to 1.16 °C. The outcome of this study could be used to help urban planners and designers to select strategies for designing outdoor spaces to relieve heat stress with the main aim of improving the outdoor living environment.

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Contribution of trees and grasslands to the mitigation of human heat stress in a residential district of Freiburg, Southwest Germany

Cited by 424 publications

References 44 publications

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

Assessing the Effects of Urban Morphology Parameters on Microclimate in Singapore to Control the Urban Heat Island Effect

Thermal Environmental Design in Outdoor Space Focusing on Radiation Environment Influenced by Ground Cover Material and Solar Shading, through the Examination on the Redevelopment Buildings in Front of Central Osaka Station

A Study on the Cooling Effects of Greening for Improving the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Penang, Malaysia

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