Contribution of Walking to School to Individual and Population Moderate-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Martin, Anne; Boyle, Jessica; Corlett, Fenella; Kelly, Paul; Reilly, John J.

doi:10.1123/pes.2015-0207

Cited by 88 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…School hours are often very physically inactive periods of the day; and therefore, a critical time where improvements need to be made (van Stralen et al, 2014, Nettlefold et al, 2011, Belton et al, 2016). Much of the research aimed at increasing physical activity levels during school has focussed on PE, recess and active transportation, all of which have shown limited improvements (Hollis et al, 2016, Martin et al, 2016, Reilly et al, 2016b). School-based interventions utilising active play are limited and tend to focus on recess interventions (Reilly et al, 2016b, Verstraete et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, contemporary children are engaging in less outdoor active play, probably due to parental safety concerns and the increasing use of screen-based activities (Veitch et al, 2006, Marshall et al, 2006). Active play may generate higher levels of MVPA compared to other domains of physical activity such as physical education (PE), recess, active transportation and other sports and physical activities, which have been the subject of more research effort (Hollis et al, 2016, Martin et al, 2016, Brazendale et al, 2015, Brockman et al, 2010, Reilly et al, 2016b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pragmatic evaluation of the Go2Play Active Play intervention on physical activity and fundamental movement skills in children

Johnstone

Hughes

Janssen

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Active play is a novel approach to addressing low physical activity levels and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children. This study aimed to determine if a new school-based, ‘Go2Play Active Play’ intervention improved school day physical activity and FMS. This was a pragmatic evaluation conducted in Scotland during 2015–16. Participants (n = 172; mean age = 7 years) were recruited from seven primary schools taking part in the 5-month intervention, plus 24 participants not receiving the intervention were recruited to act as a comparison group.189 participants had physical activity measured using an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer at baseline and again at follow-up 5 months later. A sub-sample of participants from the intervention (n = 102) and comparison (n = 21) groups had their FMS assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) at baseline and follow-up. Changes in school day physical activity and FMS variables were examined using repeated measures ANOVA. The main effect was ‘group’ on ‘time’ from baseline to follow-up. Results indicated there was a significant interaction for mean counts per minute and percent time in sedentary behavior, light intensity physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (all p < 0.01) for school day physical activity. There was a significant interaction for gross motor quotient (GMQ) score (p = 0.02) and percentile (p = 0.04), locomotor skills score and percentile (both p = 0.02), but no significant interaction for object control skills score (p = 0.1) and percentile (p = 0.3). The Go2Play Active Play intervention may be a promising way of improving physical activity and FMS but this needs to be confirmed in an RCT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pragmatic evaluation of the Go2Play Active Play intervention on physical activity and fundamental movement skills in children

Johnstone

Hughes

Janssen

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine Reports

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“…There were significant increases in the prevalence of being driven to school among both child groups, which potentially reduces children's overall daily physical activity. [44] Reasons for the increase in being driven to school are not clear, but other Australian research suggests factors associated with children not using active transport to/from school include proximity to school, the safety of the route, and family time constraints. [45] Recent Australian studies have reported that many children did not attend the school closest to them because their parents preferred to send them elsewhere, and that increase in chauffeuring children, particularly to school has led to declines in children's independent mobility.…”

Section: Addressing the Health Inequality Gap Between Aboriginal And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential influence of school-based lifestyle strategies among Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children: a cross-sectional comparison of adiposity and weight related behaviours between 2010 and 2015

Hardy

Macniven

Esgin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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2 and non-Aboriginal children: a cross-sectional comparison of adiposity and weight 3 related behaviours between 2010 and 2015. 4 5 Abstract 21Background In New South Wales (Australia) there has been substantial long term 22 investment in school-based child obesity prevention programs. Whether these 23 programs have led to population level improvements in children's adiposity and 24 weight-related behaviours in Aboriginal children, who are at greater risk of poorer 25 health outcomes, is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to describe 26 changes in adiposity and weight-related behaviours of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal 27 children and to examine the equality of changes between the two groups. 28 Methods Representative cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 2010 and 29 2015 among children age 5-16 years (n=15,613), stratified by Aboriginality. 30 Indicators of weight-related behaviour (diet, physical activity, school travel, screen-31 time) were measured by questionnaire with parents responding for children age <10 32 years and self-report by children age >10 years. Objective measurements included 33 height, weight, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, and fundamental 34 movement skills. 35 Results Adiposity prevalences were significantly higher in 2015, than 2010 among 36 non-Aboriginal children only, however adiposity prevalences were consistently higher 37 among Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal children. There were positive changes 38 towards adopting healthier weight-related behaviours in all children between 39 surveys, which were consistently significant among non-Aboriginal, but not 40 Aboriginal, children. The magnitude of changes and the 2015 prevalences in weight-41 related behaviours were generally similar for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children, 42 however positive changes in fruit consumption and locomotor skills were significantly 43 larger among Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal children. The prevalence of being 44 driven to school in 2015 was significantly higher than 2010 for both groups.3 45 Conclusions Overall, there are signs that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children 46 are shifting towards healthier weight-related behaviours. However, many unhealthy 47 weight-related behaviours remain highly prevalent. Our findings may have utility for 48 the direction of future health policy and service delivery to Aboriginal and non-49 Aboriginal children and the development of health promotion programs to build on 50 these improvements in health behaviours. 51 52 53 Since 2002 there has been substantial investment in New South Wales (NSW) 54 Australia to reduce child obesity through a succession of state plans, policies, and 55 programs to support the healthy development of children from 0-18 years.[1-3] The 56 NSW government strategy was to encourage and support opportunities for the 57 community to be healthy through the delivery of evidence-based, interactive, and 58 relevant programs. Within the education sector, child obesity prevention has been 59 addressed through...

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“…21,22 In addition, recent systematic reviews suggest that the school-based domains (PE, recess, active commuting to school) which have been the focus of most previous research and policy effort may contribute relatively little to population MVPA at present. [23][24][25] Comparisons of the likely effect of different interventions on population MVPA 20,26 also suggest that future efforts should extend beyond the school.…”

Section: Key Health Behaviors and Outcomes Related To Physical Activimentioning

confidence: 99%

Results From Scotland’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Reilly¹,

Johnstone²,

McNeill³

et al. 2016

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background:The 2016 Active Healthy Kids Scotland Report Card aims to improve surveillance of physical activity (PA), facilitate international comparisons, and encourage evidence-informed PA and health policy.Methods:Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card methodology was used: a search for data on child and adolescent PA and health published after the 2013 Scottish Report Card was carried out. Data sources were considered for grading if based on representative samples with prevalence estimates made using methods with low bias. Ten health behaviors/outcomes were graded on an A to F scale based on quintiles (prevalence meeting recommendations ≥80% graded A down to <20% graded F).Results:Three of the seven Health Behaviors and Outcomes received F or F- grades: Overall PA, Sedentary Behavior, and Obesity. Active and Outdoor Play and Organized Sport Participation could not be graded. Active Commuting to School was graded C, and Diet was graded D-. Family and Peer Influence was graded D-; Perceived Safety and Availability of Space for PA as well as the National Policy Environment were more favorable (both B).Conclusions:Grades were identical to those in 2013. Scotland has a generally favorable environment for PA, but children and adolescents have low PA and high sedentary behavior. Gaps in surveillance included lack of objectively measured PA, no surveillance of moderate-to-vigorous PA in children, summary surveillance data not expressed in ways which match recommendations (eg, for PA in young children; for screen-time), and no surveillance of Sport Participation, Active and Outdoor Play, or Sitting. Scottish policy does not include sedentary behavior at present.

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Contribution of Walking to School to Individual and Population Moderate-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 88 publications

References 50 publications

Pragmatic evaluation of the Go2Play Active Play intervention on physical activity and fundamental movement skills in children

Pragmatic evaluation of the Go2Play Active Play intervention on physical activity and fundamental movement skills in children

Potential influence of school-based lifestyle strategies among Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children: a cross-sectional comparison of adiposity and weight related behaviours between 2010 and 2015

Results From Scotland’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

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