Contribution of wind power plants in grid frequency regulation: Current perspective and future challenges

Abstract

As the wind power penetration level has started increasing in the grid, it has become essential to employ wind turbine with frequency regulation capabilities. This has become a challenging issue for researchers working in the area of wind power integration and to seek solution to this problem. To date, a piecemeal approach has been adopted in various review papers in this area, hence lagging completeness. This article presents a comprehensive review of frequency control techniques, various grid codes, load frequency control involving wind power plant with and without frequency control technique and modification in design of wind turbines for frequency regulation. Particularly, load frequency control including wind power plant with and without frequency control techniques at wind turbine manufacturer’s level has not been considered for review so far. More than 100 research publications in the form of research papers, reports, guidelines, and standards on the state of the art in this area have been rigorously examined, critically reviewed with research gaps identified and presented in a systematic manner.

Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review

“…Other contributors make a similar classification in frequency control methods: Sonkar and Rahi [87] classify the control methods as "Inertial control", "Droop control", "Rotor speed control", "Pitch angle control", "Coordinated control" and "Other techniques", while the review article in [88] distinguishes between "temporary energy reserves" (including synthetic inertia control and fast power reserve) and "persistent energy reserves" which means deloading by means of rotor speed control or pitch angle control.…”

Advanced Distributed Wind Turbine Controls Series: Part 2-Wind Energy in Isolated Grids – Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

“…A wind turbine can provide PFR when curtailed (Sonkar and Rahi 2020). Curtailment provides reserve power, or headroom, allowing the wind turbine to ramp up power production when required.…”

A Review of Fast Power-Reserve Control Techniques in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems

“…Some reviews about frequency control support by wind energy conversion systems have already been published [29][30][31][32][33][34]. This paper diverges from previous reviews and focuses on strategies to improve frequency stability independent of grid frequency deviation or rate of change.…”