Contribution to the Petrography, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of Zarqa-Ma’in Pleistocene Alkali Olivine Basalt Flow of Central Jordan

Abstract

The Zarqa-Ma'in basalt (MB) occurs near a plateau basalt (wadi fills) covering about 15 km 2 of Makawir, Ataruz, and Hammat um Hasana cone areas in central Jordan. The tectonic evolution occurred through intraplate volcanism and erupted through fissure systems along the Dead Sea, transforming the fault during Miocene to Pleistocene period. Three stages of eruption of MB have been recorded during Pleistocene from 6 to 0.6 Ma. The petrographic analyses data show that the MB rocks are composed of plagioclase, olivine, pyroxene, and magnetite, including secondary minerals calcite, iddingsite, serpentine, and zeolite. Furthermore, the MB rocks have narrow ranges of major and trace element concentrations, and are of under saturated silica type and belong to sodic alkaline magma series. The geochemical characteristics of MB indicate that MB was derived from a slightly fractionated magma as reflected by its high MgO (6.3 -11.7 ppm) concentration with Mg number from 0.41 to 0.61, low silica content (40.83 -47.55 wt%), and high Cr and Ni concentrations (115 -475 and 105 -553 ppm, respectively). This basalt exhibited low degree of partial melting (10%) for garnet peridotite mantle source. The model mineral fractionation showed that the MB could be fractionated to clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase.

Characterization of Mineralogy, Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrogensis of Basaltic Outcrops in Jurf Ed Darawish Area, Central Jordan

“…The basalt samples study (JDB) characterized are alkaline to sub-alkaline with respect to silica content and under saturated SiO 2 . Similar rock compositions were reported by [25] [48], from central, Northwest and Northeast Jordan. The lithosphere mantle in Arabia within Jordan is chemically heterogeneous [17].…”

Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrogensis of Basal Flow from Ar-Rabba Area, Central Jordan

“…[34] and [38] reported that rocks with high Mg# (>60) exhibit lowest contents of Nb and Zr and higher contents of Cr and Ni. All the present studies for the above mentioned, were explained to indicate that the rocks undergo smaller degree of partial melting at high pressures [39]. The RB has been an average Na 2 O and K 2 O content of 2.93 and 0.92 wt%, respectively.…”

Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Basalt Flow at Al Azraq Al Shamali Area, East Jordan

“…K 2 O range between 0.6 wt% and 0.8 wt% with average of 0.7 wt% and P 2 O 5 between 0.3 wt% and 0.9 wt% with average of 0.4 wt%. The Mg number (Mg#), defined as the molecular proportion of Mg 2+ /(Mg 2+ + Fe 2+ ) and usually used as a petrogenetic indicator for magma fractionation and its primitive volcanic rocks [36] [30]. The Mg# varies from 62 to 70 with average of 65 (Table 1).…”