Contribution to the Preclinical Safety Assessment of Lannea velutina and Sorindeia juglandifolia Leaves

Abstract

Dried leaves of Lannea velutina A. Rich. and Sorindeia juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv. (family Anacardiaceae) are used in African traditional medicine. Although these medicinal plants have widespread use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, there is no scientific data concerning their preclinical or clinical safety. This work aimed to investigate the phytochemical properties of the leaves of both species using HPLC-UV/DAD, as well as the in vivo oral repeated-dose toxicity of 70% hydroethanolic leaf extract of S. juglandifolia and the in vitro genotoxicity of 70% hydroethanolic leaf extracts of L. velutina and S. juglandifolia. Clinical signs of toxicity, body weight variations, and changes in food consumption, mortality, and blood biochemical parameters were monitored. Genotoxicity was assessed using the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) with and without metabolic activation, according to OECD guidelines. The obtained results showed the presence of gallic acid and anacardic acid as the main marker constituents in both species. No significant changes in general body weight or food intake were observed; small significant changes with no critical relevance were observed in the blood biochemistry of animals treated with S. juglandifolia hydroethanolic extract (50, 400, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) compared to those in the control group. No genotoxicity was observed in the bacterial reverse mutation assay with S. juglandifolia and L. velutina extracts (up to 5 mg/plate). The safety data obtained in vivo and lack of genotoxic potential in vitro points to the safe medicinal use of S. juglandifolia and L. velutina extracts.

Quality, Safety and Biological Studies on Campylanthus glaber Aerial Parts

“…CgAE: Campylanthus glaber aqueous extract; CgEE: Campylanthus glaber ethanolic extract; PC (positive control); SD (standard deviation); (1)-2-nitrofluorene; (2)-sodium azide; (3)-tert-butyl hydroperoxide; (4)-9-aminoacridine. * These values are similar to those obtained byMalmir et al (2023) [31] and Malu et al (2022)[32], since this study was performed simultaneously.…”

“…The cytotoxicity evaluated in terms of a decrease in bacterial lawn background, a significant reduction in the number of revertant colonies, and/or the presence of microcolonies was not observed for any of the extracts at any of the tested concentrations. [32], since this study was performed simultaneously.…”

Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review

“…Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of different parts of L. velutina showed selective in vitro antimicrobial activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum and Candida albicans ; larvicidal against Aedes aegypti , Anophelis gambiae , and Culex quinquefasciatus ; molluscidal against Biomphalaria glabrata , Biomphalaria pfeifferi , and Bulinus truncatus; and antioxidant activity; lipophilic root bark and hydroalcoholic stem extracts showed in vivo antioxidant and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities [ 57 , 58 , 74 ].…”

“…L. velutina bark and leaf ethanolic extracts showed antioxidant and antimicrobial in vitro activities. Anacardic acid has previously been identified as one of the major compounds present in this medicinal plant [ 57 , 58 , 62 , 74 , 79 , 80 ].…”