Contribution to the reaction kinetics of water soluble aerosols and SO2 in air at PPM concentrations

Cheng, Robert T.; Corn, Morton; Frohliger, John O.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(71)90001-1

Cited by 60 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In previous dynamic flow studies either high SOs mixing ratios in the ppm-range were used (e.g., Matteson et al, 1969;Cheng et al, 1971;Cains and Carabine, 1978;Crump et al, 1983;Dlugi, 1983) or the data obtained were too scarce to be very informative (Kaplan et al, 1981). Our experimental set-up is very similar to that of Matteson et al (1969).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Thereby we could study the potential influence of different anions on the SO2 removal rate. Some authors have already emphasized the possibility of such an influence, especially with regard to C1-which is supposed to support the catalytic oxidation of S(IV) in the aqueous phase (Bassett and Parker, 1951;Abel, 1956;Cheng et al, 1971;Barrie and Georgii, 1976;Clarke and Radojevic, 1983). In view of relevant coordination chemistry, this effect can be explained by several ligand substitution mechanisms (van Eldik, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of metal aerosol systems as a sink for atmospheric SO2

Berresheim

Jaeschke

1986

J Atmos Chem

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The chemical removal of SO 2 in the presence of different aerosol systems has been investigated in laboratory experiments using a dynamic flow reactor. The aerosols consisted of wetted particles containing one of the following substances: MnC12, Mn(NO3)2, MnSO4, CuCI2, Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, FeC13, NaCI. The SO2 removal rate R was measured as a function of the SO2 gas phase concentration (SO 2)g, the spatial metal concentration CMe , and the relative humidity rH in the reactor. A first-order dependence with regard to (SO 2)g was observed for each type of aerosol. For the Mn(II) and Cu(II) aerosols R was found to be a non-linear function of CMe except for MnSO a and Cu(NO 3)2 particles. The removal rate showed a significant increase with the relative humidity particularly when rH was close to the deliquescence point of the wetted particles. Among the Mn(II) and Cu(II) aerosols investigated Mn(NO3) 2 was found to be most efficient for the chemical removal of SO 2 at atmospheric background conditions, especially in haze and fog droplets. The results further indicate that the catalytic oxidation of S(IV) in such aerosol systems may be as efficient as its oxidation by H20 2 in cloud water.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of metal aerosol systems as a sink for atmospheric SO2

Berresheim

Jaeschke

1986

J Atmos Chem

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“…(1) and (2) (4) (where a and n are functions of the meteorological variables influencing dispersion), then Eq. (2) can be integrated and solved for /, the fraction of SO 2 remaining after depletion by chemical reaction.…”

Section: Pseudo-second Order Oxidation Of So2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SO2 emissions from strong point sources such as oil-fired power plant stacks seem to be oxidized (near the source) by catalytic mechanisms 1 which behave like second order reactions. 2 Recent laboratory studies by Barrie and Georgii 3 and Cheng, et al 4 indicate that in the presence of catalyzing ions (such as Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Mn 2+ ), the rate at which SO2 is oxidized depends on catalyst concentration. Although all local SO2 oxidation data may not be interpretable in terms of a second order reaction, the results of several field studies indicate that SO2 from point sources is generally oxidized rapidly near the source, 5 and that the rate of oxidation is much slower far downwind of the source.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Application of a Pseudo-Second Order S0₂Reaction Algorithm to Urban Air Pollution Modeling

Laird

Miksad

1979

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…This is due to the presAugust 1974 ence of other air contaminants which in general greatly facilitate the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Two processes appear to be involved: oxidation by components derived from photochemical processes (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)34) and catalytic oxidation predominantly by certain types of particulate aerosols (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) Table 4.…”

Section: Summary Of Key Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides

Rall¹

1974

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The pollution in the air is a complex mixture of chemical substances of varying toxicity of which the sulfur oxides are a principal component. Those components which pose the primary hazards to human health have not yet been fully identified, nor have their respective contributions to human disease been fully determined. Efficient and effective control strategies are dependent upon the identification and understanding of these toxic components. Ultimately, the goal of standard-setting should be the development of composite pollution indices rather than control of individual pollutants.Concentrations of SO2' in the ambient air twice the current standards are associated with adverse health effects. A consider'able body of evidence suggests that there may be discernible human health effects from exposure to concentrations approximating the current standards. There is therefore no basis for'relaxation of the present standards for sulffr oxides at this time. Since the scientific basis for this judgment is incomplete, further scientific'information will, be required either to validate the present standards or to justify alteration of these standards. and experimental or laboratory studies, including matters of agreement or disagreement among the findings produced by the various study approaches; (3) the variable susceptibility to adverse effects' of sulfur oxides among different population groups; (4) a quantification of health effects in relation to various levels of exposure; and (5) the relationship between various levels of sulfur oxide exposure and costs in terms of impaired health, including the costs of care and loss of productivity among those who are or may be adversely affected by exposure to sulfur oxides. Review of Health Effects of Sulfur OxidesThis study has examined the existing scientific information and answered, insofar as is possible, these important questions. It is clear that additional information on the health effects of sulfur oxides is urgently needed. A program of research studies designed to develop such information is therefore included. Summary of Available InformationThe chemical form of sulfur oxides in the ambient air which is associated' in epidemiological studies with morbidity and mortality has not yet been clearly identified. The sulfur-containing products which have been implicated include SO2, sulfuric acid, and inorganic sulfates. SO, gas is generated primarily by the process of burning fossil fuels containing sulfur. SO remains in the ambient air for 1-7 days, during which time it can be converted to sulfates and sulfuric acid by sunlight, photochemical oxidants, or by the catalytic effect of certain particulates in the air. These processes are complex and not quantitatively understood. SO in the ambient air therefore provides a reservoir from which the more toxic sulfates and sulfuric acid derive. On a nationwide basis, the average ambient air concentrations of SO2 have been decreasing in the last few years because fossil fuels with a lower sulfur content have been used. The co...

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Contribution to the reaction kinetics of water soluble aerosols and SO2 in air at PPM concentrations

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Study of metal aerosol systems as a sink for atmospheric SO2

Study of metal aerosol systems as a sink for atmospheric SO2

An Application of a Pseudo-Second Order S0₂Reaction Algorithm to Urban Air Pollution Modeling

Review of the Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides

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Contribution to the reaction kinetics of water soluble aerosols and SO2 in air at PPM concentrations

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Study of metal aerosol systems as a sink for atmospheric SO2

Study of metal aerosol systems as a sink for atmospheric SO2

An Application of a Pseudo-Second Order S02Reaction Algorithm to Urban Air Pollution Modeling

Review of the Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides

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Product

Resources

About

An Application of a Pseudo-Second Order S0₂Reaction Algorithm to Urban Air Pollution Modeling