Contribution to the study of the tributaries and the termination of the external jugular vein

Deslaugiers, B; Vaysse, P.; Combes, J. M.; Guitard, Joëlle; Moscovici, J.; Visentin, M.; Vardon, Delphine; Becue, J.

doi:10.1007/bf01627591

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The AJV opens into the EJV (as reported by Deslaugiers et al, 1994) in 46% and into the SCV in 54% of the cases. Its diameter is usually inverse to that of the EJV (Standring et al.).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…1259 has even the double diameter (Standring et al, 2008). The EJV has been found to flow in the jugulo-subclavian junction in the anatomical study of Deslaugiers et al (1994) on 50 cadavers in 60%, either directly in 8% or after having formed a common trunk, most often formed on the right, with the TCV in 52%. The termination of the EJV in the jugulosubclavian junction has also been noted by Sobbota as well as by Bouchet & Guilleret (Deslaugiers et al).…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

et al. 2009

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SUMMARY:During anatomical dissection of a female Caucasian cadaver in our department, we observed an unusual termination of seven veins at the jugulo-subclavian junction. Normally, the jugulo-subclavian junction is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein, and gives rise to the brachionocephalic vein. In our case, except from these two, five additional veins, namely the cephalic vein, the transverse cervical vein, the external jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and the vertebral vein, were also joined at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. Such a variation has not yet been reported in the literature. INTRODUCTIONThe jugulo-subclavian junction is formed at the base of the neck bilaterally, posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle, by the union of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and the subclavian vein (SCV) (Calen et al., 1986). From this confluence the brachionocephalic vein (BCV) is formed. Then, the left and right BCV are joined in order to form the superior vena cava. In the present study we report a case in which at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, seven veins instead of two are joined in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODThe reported anatomical variations were discovered in the right side of a female Caucasian cadaver (deceased at the age of 89 from respiratory insufficiency), during routine educational dissection at the Anatomy Department of the Medical School of the University of Athens, Greece. RESULTSOn the right upper arm and posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle we discovered that seven veins were united in order to form the right BCV vein (Fig. 1). Dissecting the area from the acromial end of the clavicle to the base of the neck (supraclavical triangle), we noticed that four veins joined the SCV in the following order (clockwise, seen from the front): the cephalic vein (CV), the transverse cervical vein (TCV), the external jugular vein (EJV) and the anterior jugular vein (AJV) (Fig. 2). The next vein to join the junction was the internal jugular vein (IJV), following its expected course. The last vein to reach the common junction was the vertebral vein (VV) (also clockwise). It should be pointed out, that the CV, after piercing the clavipectoral fascia, did not join the axillary vein as usual, but instead, crossed over the clavicle and ended at the common junction. Also, the AJV was rather thick and was larger than the EJV and the IJV. Accordingly, the right BCV vein was formed after the junction from all these veins. Its length was 5.8 cm and after its formation, continued its course as expected. The course of the other seven veins was also normal (except CV) until the point of the junction.Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. 1259 has even the double diameter (Standring et al., 2008). The EJV has been found to flow in the jugulo-subclavian junction in the anatomical study of Deslaugiers et al. (1994) on 50 cadavers in 60%, ei...

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“…The AJV opens into the EJV (as reported by Deslaugiers et al, 1994) in 46% and into the SCV in 54% of the cases. Its diameter is usually inverse to that of the EJV (Standring et al.).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

et al. 2009

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“…2,6 In a study conducted on 50 adult cadavers in 1994, external jugular vein in 60% of the cases was reported to end in venous angle; in 36% of them, it was stated to end in subclavian vein, and in 4% of them, it was said to end in internal jugular vein. 9 In another study conducted in 1996, it is stated that external jugular vein ends in venous angle at a rate of 72%, while it ends in subclavian with 26% and ends in internal jugular with 2%. 10 The researchers identified different variations also for cephalic vein, which is the longest superficial vein of the upper extremity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Unusual Terminations of the External Jugular Vein and Cephalic Vein: Case Report

Desdicioğlu¹,

Öztürk²,

Malas³

2015

Turkiye Klinikleri J Case Rep

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“…Deslaugiers et al (28) reported that the EJV usually enters into the jugulo-subclavian venous confluence (type A, 60%), into the SCV at a distance from its junction with the IJV (type B, 36%) or into the trunk of the IJV (type C, 4%) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placement of a Hemodialysis Catheter using the Dilated Right External Jugular Vein as a Primary Route

Park

Shin

2010

J Korean Soc Radiol

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The number of patients with end stage renal disease requiring catheter-based hemodialysis has increased in recent decades. Catheter-based hemodialysis is commonly used during the time it takes for arteriovenous fistula maturation. Conventional venous access sites such as the subclavian vein (SCV) and internal jugular vein (IJV) had been used for catheter placement. However, the SCV should be preserved from catheterization, with consideration of the risk of venous stenosis or thrombosis as complications after a procedure in a patient where fistula or graft creation is planned. The rate of complications for an SCV approach is higher than for an IJV approach. The IJV has become the preferred pri- Results: Technical success was achieved for 41 patients (98%). Catheter placement was unsuccessful in one patient due to narrowing of the EJV. The catheter dwell time ranged between 14 and 305 days (mean; 76 days, total catheter days: 3,111 days). A total of 26 hemodialysis catheters were removed due to complications (n=2) and termination of hemodialysis via the hemodialysis catheter (n=24). There was air embolization (n=1) and catheter kinking (n=3) during procedures and catheter related infections (n=2) during the follow-up period. The incidence of catheter related infection was 0.06 per 100 catheter days. No cases of catheter malfunction or symptomatic venous thrombosis were observed. Conclusion:We suggest that a dilated right EJV could be considered as a preferred primary route for hemodialysis catheter placement with easy access.

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Contribution to the study of the tributaries and the termination of the external jugular vein

Cited by 62 publications

References 3 publications

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

An Unusual Termination of Seven Veins in the Jugulo-Subclavian Junction

Unusual Terminations of the External Jugular Vein and Cephalic Vein: Case Report

Placement of a Hemodialysis Catheter using the Dilated Right External Jugular Vein as a Primary Route

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