Contributions of Behavior Analysis to Behavioral Economics

Furrebøe, Elise Frølich; Sandaker, Ingunn

doi:10.1007/s40614-017-0110-0

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Herein, we provide an account of how an analysis of cognition informed by RFT may help broaden the behavior analytic model of CBS. According to Furrebøe and Sandaker (2017), there are three aspects of similarity between BA and BE, which we endorse and extend to nudge theory: “(i) human choice behaviors (ii) how proximity in time and space between behavior and environmental events influence behavior and (iii) why many species seem to behave in ways that cannot be explained by self-interest” (p. 316). The first point features experimental work on choice behavior under concurrent schedules of reinforcement (Rachlin and Green, 1972; Rachlin, 1976; Yi and Rachlin, 2004) and encompasses the exten s ion of some of those findings to nudging (Rachlin, 2015).…”

Section: A Consistent Model For Choice Architecturementioning

confidence: 57%

“…We are only at the beginning, but the way ahead looks promising. As Furrebøe and Sandaker (2017) put it:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second point emphasizes how proximity as contingencies and schedules of reinforcement is fundamental concepts in BA that need inform the choice architectures of nudging (e.g., Furrebøe and Sandaker, 2017; Tagliabue et al, 2017; Simon and Tagliabue, 2018). The preference across species for smaller-sooner over larger-later rewards is a phenomenon of investigation in both BA and BE traditions.…”

Section: A Consistent Model For Choice Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Models of Cognition and Their Applications in Behavioral Economics: A Conceptual Framework for Nudging Derived From Behavior Analysis and Relational Frame Theory

2019

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This paper puts forward a rounder conceptual model for interpreting short- and long-term effects of choice behavior. As a further development of dual-process theory, Kahneman (2003) distinguished between intuition and reasoning, which served as the respective precursors of the cognitive processing systems 1 and 2. We maintain that they reflect the more rigorous distinction between brief and immediate and extended and elaborated relational responding, which may be reinterpreted through an analysis of their functional properties. Repertoires of relational responding are offered by the multi-dimensional multi-level model. Specifically, we provide a conceptual account of how nudging, or the manipulation of environmental contingencies, works on the creation and modification of relational framing. Educative nudges, or boosts, are a subset of nudges that may more easily maintain target choice behavior in the future. The central role of verbal behavior is essential toward formulating rules, which inform and guide choice behavior over time. Although nudges are traditionally regarded as System 1-steered aspects, they are herein regarded as cues for responding to relational frames, which may induce System 2-steered aspects. We suggest adopting the implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP) to inform how coherent and immediate responding to novel relational responding may occur in the presence of choice behavior. Several examples are included to support the claim of encompassing relational responding and choice behavior. We address the instances of consumer behavior, stereotypy and prejudices, eating behavior, and overcoming cognitive biases. The conclusions depict a promising way forward for the study of choice: an improved model for interpreting and overcoming human errors, due to changes in the contingencies of behavior.

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Section: A Consistent Model For Choice Architecturementioning

confidence: 57%

“…We are only at the beginning, but the way ahead looks promising. As Furrebøe and Sandaker (2017) put it:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Consistent Model For Choice Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Models of Cognition and Their Applications in Behavioral Economics: A Conceptual Framework for Nudging Derived From Behavior Analysis and Relational Frame Theory

2019

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“…Rational and irrational choices are dynamic processes of contextual decision making (Furrebøe & Sandaker, 2017 ) and are a function of perspective-taking. Decision making refers to “how current stimuli and learning history combine to determine choice” (Fantino, 1998 , p. 355).…”

Section: A Behavior Analytic Account Of Rational Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Tutorial. A Behavioral Analysis of Rationality, Nudging, and Boosting: Implications for Policymaking

Tagliabue

2022

Perspect Behav Sci

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As recent trends in policymaking call for increased contributions from behavioral science, nudging and boosting represent two effective and relatively economic approaches for influencing choice behavior. They utilize concepts from behavioral economics to affect agents’ concurrent suboptimal choices: in principle, without applying coercion. However, most choice situations involve some coercive elements. This study features a functional analysis of rationality, nudging, and boosting applied to public policy. The relationship between behavior and environmental variables is termed a “behavioral contingency,” and the analysis can include social and cultural phenomena by applying a selectionist perspective. Principles of behavioral control, whether tight or loose, may be exerted by policymakers or regulators who subscribe to paternalistic principles and may be met with demands of libertarianism among their recipients. This warrants discussion of the legitimacy and likelihood of behavioral control and influence on choices. Cases and examples are provided for extending the unit of analysis of choice behavior to achieve outcomes regulated by policies at the individual and group levels, including health, climate, and education. Further research and intervention comprise the study of macrocontingencies and metacontingencies. Advancing the understanding and application of behavioral science to policymaking may, therefore, benefit from moving from the relatively independent contributions of behavioral economics and behavior analysis to an inclusive selectionist approach for addressing choice behavior and cultural practices.

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“…Behavior science takes precisely this conciliatory approach. Using the same principles behavior science can explain phenomena at levels ranging from the cellular (Stein, Xue, & Belluzzi, 1993) to populations (Biglan, 2016) and cultures (Houmanfar & Mattaini, 2016;Mattaini & Aspholm, 2016) and everything in between including neuroscience (Ortu & Vaidya, 2017;Zilio, 2016), developmental systems (Moore, 2016), and economics (Furrebøe & Sandaker, 2017). It is not necessary to invoke different explanatory principles for different levels of analysis because behavior theory is a scalable system that rests on a fundamental base of selection by consequences (Schneider, 2012), much like Darwinian theory (Donahoe, 2017;Ghiselin, 2018;McDowell, 2017;McDowell & Klapes, 2018;Popa & McDowell, 2016;Wasserman, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Reductionism and Holism in Behavior Science and Art

Hantula

2018

Perspect Behav Sci

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How should we handle complexity? In both science and in art, there is tension between the holist view that the properties of any entity or system cannot be understood or explained by its parts alone, and the reductionist view, which holds that an entity or system can be understood or explained by reducing it to its component parts (Graham, 2013). As Kandel (2016) points out, reductionism in science and art serve different, but analogous, purposes. In science, reductionism is used to solve complex problems; in art, reductionism is used to evoke new emotional responses in art consumers. Scientific reductionism is a process of reducing and then rebuilding that often leads to new insights that would not be found in either a solely reductionist or holist view. For example, Kandel began his quest to understand human learning and memory by studying the sea slug (aplysia), and the insights gleaned from intensive study of a simple organism guided and shaped his experimentation leading to brain science (Kandel, 1979). Artistic reductionism also leads to new insights. Through reductionism artists peel away unnecessary details and discover a work's essential features. Consumers of art experience new and often unique affective reactions to art when a visual or musical composition is stripped to its barest parts. 1 Kandel's book, Reductionism in Art and Brain Science: Bridging the Two Cultures, explores the commonalities between abstract art and brain science, arguing that both pursuits use reductionist methodologies in their search for higher level truths about human nature. One can adopt holism and accept complexity as an irreducible given, or embrace reductionism and work to disassemble and decompose complexity into simplicity. For

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Contributions of Behavior Analysis to Behavioral Economics

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Models of Cognition and Their Applications in Behavioral Economics: A Conceptual Framework for Nudging Derived From Behavior Analysis and Relational Frame Theory

Models of Cognition and Their Applications in Behavioral Economics: A Conceptual Framework for Nudging Derived From Behavior Analysis and Relational Frame Theory

Tutorial. A Behavioral Analysis of Rationality, Nudging, and Boosting: Implications for Policymaking

Editorial: Reductionism and Holism in Behavior Science and Art

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