Contributions of circadian tendencies and behavioral problems to sleep onset problems of children with ADHD

Gruber, Reut; Fontil, Laura; Bergmame, Lana; Wiebe, Sabrina; Amsel, Rhonda; Frenette, Sonia; Carrier, Julie

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-212

Cited by 67 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Children with ADHD have a stronger circadian evening preference than control subjects. 21 This observation is consistent with the demonstrated delay in evening increases of endogenous melatonin levels in nonmedicated children with ADHD. 22 An evening circadian tendency is associated with both parental reports of sleep-onset delay and PSGmeasured sleep-onset latency in children with ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Eszopiclone for Insomnia Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Sleep disorders are common in children and adolescents and have a substantial negative impact on daily life and school performance. Long-term evaluations of the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic treatment options for sleep disorders are lacking in pediatric patients.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: These 2 studies provide the first evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of eszopiclone in children and adolescents with insomnia associated with ADHD. Data presented here encompass longer-term (up to 1 year) pediatric exposure to eszopiclone. abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of eszopiclone compared with placebo in children and adolescents with insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated efficacy and safety of high-or low-dose eszopiclone (1 or 2 mg in children aged 6-11 years, 2 or 3 mg in children ages 12-17 years), given every evening, in 486 patients with ADHD-related insomnia. The primary efficacy variable was change in latency to persistent sleep from baseline to week 12, based on polysomnography. Key secondary measures were polysomnography-measured wake time after sleep onset, Clinical Global Impression Parent/Caregiver and Child scales, and the Conners' ADHD rating scales. The safety of eszopiclone was further studied over 1 year of open-label treatment in 55 patients who completed the double-blind study, and 249 patients with no previous eszopiclone exposure. RESULTS:Neither low-dose nor high-dose eszopiclone significantly reduced latency to persistent sleep compared with placebo after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes were considered nonsignificant based on the hierarchical statistical analysis plan. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events over 12 weeks with eszopiclone were headache, dysgeusia, and dizziness. The study results demonstrated that eszopiclone was well tolerated over 1 year of treatment, with 11.2% of patients discontinuing open-label treatment because of an adverse event.CONCLUSIONS: Eszopiclone (up to 3 mg) failed to reduce latency to persistent sleep on polysomnography after 12 weeks in children aged 6 to 17 years with ADHD-related insomnia. Eszopiclone was well tolerated in the 1-year study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…22 An evening circadian tendency is associated with both parental reports of sleep-onset delay and PSGmeasured sleep-onset latency in children with ADHD. 21 Consistent with these findings, melatonin has demonstrated efficacy for improving sleep-onset latency and total sleep time in 2 studies in this population. 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Eszopiclone for Insomnia Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2014

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“…Consistent with a developmental psychopathology framework (Cicchetti and Rogosch 2002), there is a need for studies that do not simply compare adolescents with and without ADHD in their sleep functioning but seek to unearth the developmental processes that lead to group differences in sleep functioning. For example, a recent study of 75 children (ages 7-11) with and without ADHD found that children with ADHD had a stronger circadian evening preference in comparison to other children (Gruber et al 2012). Although this study was conducted with school-age children it has clear implications for examining sleep and ADHD in adolescence.…”

Section: Concluding Thoughts On the Interrelations Of Sleep And Adhdmentioning

confidence: 95%

Advancing a Biopsychosocial and Contextual Model of Sleep in Adolescence: A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue

Becker

Langberg

Byars

2015

J Youth Adolescence

157

130

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Sleep problems in adolescence have been identified as an international public health issue. Over the past few decades, notable advances have been made in our understanding of the patterns and consequences of sleep in adolescence. Despite these important gains, there is much about the role of sleep in adolescence that remains to be understood. This Special Issue brings together studies that examine sleep as it specifically pertains to adolescent development and adjustment. In this introductory article, we argue for the importance of grounding the study of sleep and adolescence in developmental science and a developmental psychopathology framework. First, a review of the literature is used to outline a biopsychosocial and contextual model of sleep in adolescence. Second, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is used as an exemplar of the proposed model given the pervasiveness of sleep problems among youth with ADHD and the likelihood that sleep problems and ADHD symptoms are interconnected in complex ways. Finally, a brief introduction to the empirical articles included in the Special Issue is provided, with particular attention given to how these articles fit within the proposed biopsychosocial and contextual model. Along with the framework proposed in this article, the studies included in this Special Issue advance the current literature and point to critical directions for future research.

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“…Specifically, prior to age 10, youth with ADHD display less REM sleep than their peers, but this trend reverses around the time of transition to middle school, and adolescents with ADHD display significantly more REM sleep than age-matched controls (Kirov & Brand, 2014). Second, children with ADHD appear to have a stronger circadian evening preference (i.e., biological bent to stay up late) in comparison to their peers (Gruber et al, 2012), though this too remains to be examined in adolescents specifically when circadian preferences markedly shift for all youth (Hagenauer, Perryman, Lee, & Carskadon, 2009). Third, youth with ADHD exhibit significantly higher intraindividual variability of sleep in comparison to their peers (Becker, Sidol, Van Dyk, Epstein, & Beebe, 2016).…”

Section: Sleep Patterns Of Youth With Adhd May Be Uniquementioning

confidence: 96%

Contributions of circadian tendencies and behavioral problems to sleep onset problems of children with ADHD

Cited by 67 publications

References 38 publications

Eszopiclone for Insomnia Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Eszopiclone for Insomnia Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Advancing a Biopsychosocial and Contextual Model of Sleep in Adolescence: A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue

Difficult to Bed and Difficult to Rise: Complex Interplay Among ADHD, Sleep, and Adolescence

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