Contributions of experimental mouse models to the understanding of African trypanosomiasis

Antoine‐Moussiaux, Nicolas; Magez, Stefan; Desmecht, Daniël

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2008.05.010

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Our results are in line with studies in mice showing that overexpression of TNF-␣ in vivo during malaria or T. cruzi infections result in increased mortality (29). In fact, as opposed to its beneficial effects on parasiteamia control, TNF-␣ has also been implicated in the immunosuppression and immunopathology typically associated with protozoan infections (29,38). In our study, the adverse effects observed after administration of carp TNF-␣ could not be ascribed to increased parasitemia or plasma nitrite levels (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Receptor-Mediated and Lectin-Like Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) TNF-α

Forlenza

Magez²,

Scharsack³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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Functional characterization of TNF-α in species other than mammalian vertebrates is limited, and TNF-α has been studied in a limited number of fish species, primarily in vitro using recombinant proteins. Studies on TNF-α from different fish species so far pointed to several inconsistencies, in particular with respect to some receptor-mediated activities of fish TNF-α, such as the ability to directly activate phagocytes. In the present study a comprehensive analysis of in vitro as well as in vivo biological activities of two isoforms of carp TNF-α was performed. Our results show that carp TNF-α directly primes carp phagocytes and indirectly promotes typical receptor-mediated activities such as phagocyte activation by acting via endothelial cells. Additionally, for the first time in nonmammalian vertebrate species, the lectin-like activity of fish TNF-α homologs was investigated. Our results show an evolutionary conservation of function of this receptor-independent activity of TNF-α not only in cyprinid fish, but also in perciform and salmonid fish. The role of TNF-α in vivo, during infections of carp with the blood parasite Trypanoplasma borreli, was examined using three fundamentally different but complementary approaches: (1) inhibition of TNF-α expression, (2) overexpression of TNF-α, and (3) inhibition of shedding of membrane-bound TNF-α. Our results show that, also in fish, a tight regulation of TNF-α expression is important, since depletion or excess of TNF-α can make an important difference to survival of infection. Finally, we demonstrate a crucial protective role for membrane-bound TNF-α, which has a yet unexploited function in fish.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Receptor-Mediated and Lectin-Like Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) TNF-α

Forlenza

Magez²,

Scharsack³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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“…As previously reported, T. evansi exhibits a widespread geographic distribution, a variety of host species infected, and an array of clinical symptoms and pathogenicity, hence suggesting genetic diversity within T. evansi species (Luckins 1988, Uche et al 1992. In some studies, variations in the virulence pattern and pathogenesis of T. evansi independent to its origin were observed although the genetic basis for these variations is yet to be determined (Uche et al 1992, Carmona et al 2006, Antoine-Moussiaux et al 2008, Perrone et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi isolates from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines

Villareal

Mingala

Rivera³

2013

Acta Parasitologica

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Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Philippines is frequently reported to affect the country's livestock, particularly, the buffaloes. To assess the prevalence and intraspecific diversity of T. evansi in the country, blood samples from water buffaloes in different geographical regions were collected during an outbreak. T. evansi was detected in all 79 animals tested using PCR targeting the RoTat 1.2 VSG gene. Sequencing of the rDNA complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region including the 5.8S subunit showed high similarity (99-100%) between Philippine isolates and known T. evansi isolates in Genbank. Tree construction based on the same region confirmed the close relationship between Philippine and reported Thai isolates as compared to Egyptian isolates separated by relatively small genetic distances, 47 polymorphisms, despite the clustering in four branches. Overall, the results of this study prove genetic diversity within T. evansi species despite previous reports on limited heterogeneity among isolates worldwide.

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“…The difference in survival between congenic and control mice is assumed to be a consequence of differences in the immune response and how it is initiated and subsequently controlled (2). The stronger inflammatory response of C57BL/6 mice as measured by ALAT levels may help control parasitemia and extend survival in this strain, consistent with the evidence that type 1 inflammatory immune responses are associated with lower parasitemia (11,21).…”

Section: Vol 77 2009 Clinical Chemistry Of T Congolense Infection mentioning

confidence: 77%

Clinical Chemistry of Congenic Mice with Quantitative Trait Loci for Predicted Responses to Trypanosoma congolense Infection

et al. 2009

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Trypanosoma congolense is a protozoan parasite that causes severe diseases in livestock. Three major quantative trait loci (QTL), Tir1, Tir2, and Tir3, control the survival time of mice after infection with T. congolense. Congenic mice carrying the C57BL/6 resistance alleles on the A/J background were developed for each of these loci. The congenic mice were used to physically map the regions containing the QTL gene(s) and to investigate the physiological effect of each locus. Clinical chemistry data for infected A/J, C57BL/6, and BALB/c mice were obtained for 15 analytes at five time points. Congenic mice were assessed for survival, parasitemia, and anemia as well as seven clinical-chemical analytes. The survival times were significantly increased in the Tir1 and Tir2 mice but not Tir3 congenic mice. The survival time of the parental inbred mice correlated negatively with parasitemia but positively with alanine aminotransferase activities in serum, suggesting that inflammatory reactions in the liver had a beneficial effect possibly associated with reduced parasitemia. However, there was no difference in parasitemia or liver enzyme activities of Tir1 and Tir2 congenic mice relative to their controls, showing that survival, parasitemia, and degree of liver damage are not associated with each other, despite the correlation in the parental lines. These data suggest that the congenic loci affect survival but do not affect control of parasite number. They may therefore act by limiting the pathological consequences of T. congolense infection.

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Contributions of experimental mouse models to the understanding of African trypanosomiasis

Cited by 45 publications

References 67 publications

Receptor-Mediated and Lectin-Like Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) TNF-α

Receptor-Mediated and Lectin-Like Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) TNF-α

Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi isolates from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines

Clinical Chemistry of Congenic Mice with Quantitative Trait Loci for Predicted Responses to Trypanosoma congolense Infection

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