Contributions of foot muscles and plantar fascia morphology to foot posture

Angin, Salih; Mickle, Karen J.; Nester, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.022

Cited by 59 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…This is the first study to describe a weight bearing assessment of IFM morphology that is easily This study is the first to report that body size and foot posture explained between 25-38% of the variance in measurements of FIS thickness. Whilst ABH thickness and CSA was not related to body size, foot posture explained between 20-40% of the variance in measurements of CSA, which supports previous reports [20,27,28]. What remains unclear is whether the association between IFM morphology and foot posture is due to anatomical dimensions (body size) with some studies reporting significant associations to foot posture even when controlling for body size [27], whilst others report that associations become non-significant when controlling for body size [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Intrinsic foot muscle size can be measured reliably in weight bearing using ultrasound imaging

et al. 2019

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Background:The intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) are important contributors to optimal foot function. While assessment of IFM morphology using ultrasound imaging in non-weight bearing has been established, this does not evaluate the foot in its primary functional position of weight bearing.Research Question: Is ultrasound imaging a reliable and clinically feasible method of measuring IFM morphology in weight bearing, do these measures differ to those from nonweight bearing and are they associated with participant characteristics?Methods: Ultrasound images were obtained by a single rater from twenty-four healthy participants on two occasions, one week apart. Images were taken in weight bearing (bilateral stance) and non-weight bearing (seated). Cross-sectional area and dorsoplantar thickness of the abductor hallucis muscle, and dorsoplantar thickness of the muscles of the first interstitium were measured from acquired images. A second rater also acquired images at the first session.Participant characteristics included age, height, weight, sex, foot posture and foot mobility. Results: Measurements of IFM morphology demonstrated high reliability within and betweentest sessions, as well as between raters (ICCs > 0.8). Our findings suggest that changes of 10-18% could be considered to exceed measurement error. Larger IFM size was related to larger body size (taller, heavier), foot posture (longer foot, higher arch, wider midfoot) and male sex.Significance: This study is the first to describe a reliable and clinically feasible method of measuring IFM morphology in weight bearing. These measurements could be used in future studies to assess IFM morphology in patient populations and to evaluate the effect of intervention. Body size and foot posture explained between 20 and 41% of the variance in measurements and should be considered when comparing IFM morphology between individuals. The establishment of reliable measurements in weight bearing provides a crucial step towards the future evaluation of IFM function using ultrasound imaging.3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Intrinsic foot muscle size can be measured reliably in weight bearing using ultrasound imaging

et al. 2019

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“…The PF plays a significant role in both static and dynamic function of the foot by supporting the arch (Boussouar et al, ; Guo et al, ; Orner et al, ; Park et al, ). Originating from CB in close proximity to the AT and expanding toward the metatarsal bones where it inserts, the PF may also highly influence the biomechanical properties of the surrounding structures (Aydogan et al, ; Angin et al, ). Anatomical variations of the origin of the PF may therefore affect the foot's biomechanical properties with potential significance in foot pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathologies of the PF may not only highly influence the functional properties of the connective tissue itself, but also the overall biomechanical properties of the foot (Cheung et al, ; Aydogan et al, ; Angin et al, ; Guo et al, ). However, it is important to notify that pathologies involving the surrounding structures may also significantly alter the functional properties of the PF (Li and Muehleman, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By supporting the arch of the foot, this connective tissue plays a significant role in terms of foot biomechanical properties and its mobility (Boussouar et al, ; Guo et al, ; Park et al, ). While standing, the arch of the foot together with PF may highly influence the foot's ability to carry load from the body weight (Cheung et al, ; Aydogan et al, ; Angin et al, ; Guo et al, ; Park et al, ). Since PF originates from CB, which is where the Achilles tendon (AT) inserts, the functional properties of PF may also be highly influenced by AT (Pękala et al, ; Orner et al, ) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical variations of the plantar fascia's origin with respect to age and sex—an MRI based study

et al. 2019

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The plantar fascia (PF) plays a significant role in ankle movement and anatomical variations of this structure may significantly alter the biomechanical properties of the foot and lower extremity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the PF's origin point on the calcaneus (CB), and whether these changes are dependent on age and sex. Two independent observers evaluated two hundred and two foot and ankle MRIs and the following measurements was performed: (A) horizontal length of the AT insertion into the posterior aspect of the CB, (B) horizontal length of the CB and (C) horizontal distance from the most anterior point of the CB to the most posterior part of the PF. Statistical analysis was performed with the results obtained to evaluate both sex and age differences. Based on our results, we observed that: (1) changes of the PF's origin point on the CB is independent of age and sex and (2) the continuity between the PF and AT decreases during aging as a result from changes in the AT's insertion point into the CB. This study concludes that the PF's origin point does not change with respect to age or sex, but the continuity between the PF and AT decreases during aging. Knowledge regarding the biomechanical influences caused by changes in the relationship between the AT and PF may be important in terms of treatment and prophylaxis of both PF and AT pathologies.

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“…However, it is difficult to assess the function of intrinsic muscles of the foot. Recently, the intrinsic muscles of the foot were assessed in flat feet by ultrasonography 10,11) . However, therapy that changes both the thickness and the cross sectional area of the intrinsic muscles of the foot is controversial, and the relationship of intrinsic foot musculature and kinematics of the foot during gait is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of foot kinematics and the morphology of intrinsic musculature of the foot using a foot-type classification based on function

Kudo

Sakamoto

Shirakawa³

2020

J Phys Ther Sci

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The purpose of this study was to investigate a correlation between the morphology of the intrinsic musculature of the foot and foot kinematics during gait using a foot type classification based on the windlass function. [Participants and Methods] We examined 67 feet of 35 healthy participants in this study. We collected three-dimensional foot kinematic data during gait from the Oxford Foot Model and assessed the morphology of the flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, adductor halluces (oblique head), and abductor digiti minimi muscles using B-mode ultrasound. Using the Foot Posture Index (six-item version), we divided static foot postures into two groups: normal arch and flatfoot. Subsequently, we compared foot kinematics and the morphology of the intrinsic musculature among the four groups using the analysis of variance with the Bonferroni test. [Results] Foot kinematics of the flatfoot-adduction type during gait significantly differed from that of the normal arch-abduction type. The abductor digiti minimi of the flatfoot-adduction type was significantly thinner than that of the normal archabduction type. [Conclusion] There may be some variations in flatfoot, and the flatfoot-abduction type might not be a risk factor for overuse injuries.

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Contributions of foot muscles and plantar fascia morphology to foot posture

Abstract: The medial plantar structures and the plantar fascia appear to be the major contributors to static foot posture. Elucidating the individual contribution of multiple muscles of the foot could provide insight about their role in the foot posture.

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Intrinsic foot muscle size can be measured reliably in weight bearing using ultrasound imaging

Intrinsic foot muscle size can be measured reliably in weight bearing using ultrasound imaging

Anatomical variations of the plantar fascia's origin with respect to age and sex—an MRI based study

Comparison of foot kinematics and the morphology of intrinsic musculature of the foot using a foot-type classification based on function

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