“…Due to its high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, high formability, and wear resistance, heavy and medium plate (HMP) plays an important role in shipbuilding and marine engineering, mining machinery, high-pressure boilers, power generation facilities at nuclear power plants, high-rise buildings, high-speed rails, cross-sea bridges, high-pressure gas pipeline, and military weapons and equipment. 1) Surface quality is not only one of the most significant variables determining material service life (together with strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, and other attributes), but it is also related to productivity, production costs, and quality objections throughout the HMP rolling process. 2) Over the last few decades, the surface flaws of steel plates were predominantly monitored by the human eye visual approach, which was readily impacted by various inspectors' personal experience, a lack of continuity, timeliness, and accuracy.…”