Contributions of heat pumps to demand response: A case study of a plus-energy dwelling

Rodríguez, Luis Pérez; Ramos, José Sánchez; Domínguez, Servando Álvarez; Eicker, Ursula

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.086

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Compared to model-based strategies, the controller design process is significantly simplified, as no building-specific model is required. Model-free control algorithms can be found in the studies of Dengiz et al [12], Rodriguez et al [18], Nolting et al [19], and Michailidis et al [21]. These approaches are rule-based control mechanisms that are in few cases also combined with a heuristic approach for optimizing an objective function.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupant-Oriented Demand Response with Room-Individual Building Control

Frahm¹,

Zwickel²,

Maaß³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In future energy systems with high shares of renewable energy sources, the electricity demand of buildings has to react to the fluctuating electricity generation in view of stability. As buildings consume one-third of global energy and almost half of this energy accounts for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, HVAC are suitable for shifting their electricity consumption in time. To this end, intelligent control strategies are necessary as the conventional control of HVAC is not optimized for the actual demand of occupants and the current situation in the electricity grid. In this paper, we present the novel multi-zone controller Price Storage Control (PSC) that not only considers room-individual Occupants' Thermal Satisfaction (OTS), but also the available energy storage, and energy prices. The main feature of PSC is that it does not need a building model or forecasts of future demands to derive the control actions for multiple rooms in a building. For comparison, we use an ideal, error-free Model Predictive Control (MPC) and a conventional hysteresis-based two-point control as upper and lower benchmarks, respectively. We evaluate the three controllers in a multi-zone environment for cooling a building in summer and consider two different scenarios that differ in how much the permitted temperatures vary. The results show that PSC strongly outperforms the conventional control approach in both scenarios with regard to the electricity costs and OTS. It leads to 50 % costs reduction and 15 % comfort improvements while the ideal MPC achieves costs reductions of 58 % and comfort improvements of 29 %. Considering that PSC does not need any building model or forecast, as opposed to MPC, the results support the suitability of our developed control strategy for controlling HVAC systems in future energy systems.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupant-Oriented Demand Response with Room-Individual Building Control

Frahm¹,

Zwickel²,

Maaß³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…A large and growing body of recent literature has investigated DSM opportunities in the developed world [11,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. For example, a recent study in Germany proposed a model which is able to identify and quantify DSM potential for distributed energy supply systems [23].…”

Section: Dsm In Developed and Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-saving behaviour as a demand-side management strategy in the developing world: the case of Bangladesh

Khan

2019

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Although demand-side management (DSM) needs to be more customer centred, either with or without smart technologies (e.g. smart grid), less attention has been paid to the developing world in relation to DSM strategy development. The main reasons have been lack of appropriate technology and capital costs. Importantly, there are alternative DSM strategies that require minimum or no cost to implement and provide immediate results, of which energy-saving behaviour of the occupants at residences is one. This study explores the potentiality of this energy-saving behaviour as a DSM strategy for the least developed economies, focusing particularly on Bangladesh. The literature suggests that energy-saving behaviour could reduce energy demand by a maximum of 21.9%. However, this potential DSM scheme seems underestimated in the national DSM programme of Bangladesh. The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan (EECMP) of Bangladesh (a DSM program) shows that efficiency improvement in the use of home appliances could reduce electricity demand in the residential sector by about 28.8%, but this does require a long time to be implemented, whereas the inclusion of energy-saving behaviour as a demand response strategy in residences along with the EECMP might achieve demand reduction of up to 50.7%. Although the findings from this study are specific to Bangladesh, these could be useful guidelines for the policymakers of other developing nations where national DSM strategy development is underway.

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“…The building has three storeys with a total living floor area of 311 < and a total heated volume of 975 > . Tables 2 and 3 well as taxes are considered in accordance with [19]. The natural gas price is considered fixed at 0.07 €/kWh.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A set of comprehensive indicators to assess energy flexibility: a case study for residential buildings

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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The increasing share of renewable energy sources in the power industry poses challenges for grid management due to the stochastic nature of their production. Besides the traditional supplyside regulation, grid flexibility can also be provided by the demand side. Demand-Response is an attractive approach based on adapting user demand profiles to match grid supply constraints. Nevertheless, defining the flexibility potential related to buildings is not straightforward and continues to pose challenges. Commonly accepted and standardized indicators for quantifying flexibility are still missing. The present paper proposes a new quantification methodology to assess the energy flexibility of a residential building. A set of comprehensive indicators capturing three key elements of building energy flexibility for demand response, notably, capacity, change in power consumption and cost of the demand response action have been identified. The proposed methodology is applied to a residential building, whose heating system is controlled by means of a model predictive control algorithm. The building model is developed on the basis of the experimental data collected in the framework of a European Commission supported H2020 research project Sim4Blocks, which deals with the implementation of demand response in building clusters. The optimal control problem has been investigated by means of mixed-integer linear programming approach. Real time prices are considered as external signals from the grid driving the DR actions. Results show that the proposed indicators, presented in the form of daily performance maps, allow to effectively assess the energy flexibility potential through its main dimensions and can be easily used either by an end-user or a grid-operator perspective to identify day by day the best DR action to be implemented.

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Contributions of heat pumps to demand response: A case study of a plus-energy dwelling

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Occupant-Oriented Demand Response with Room-Individual Building Control

Occupant-Oriented Demand Response with Room-Individual Building Control

Energy-saving behaviour as a demand-side management strategy in the developing world: the case of Bangladesh

A set of comprehensive indicators to assess energy flexibility: a case study for residential buildings

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