Contributions of internal emissions to peaks and incremental indoor PM2.5 in rural coal use households

Men, Yatai; Li, Jianpeng; Liu, Xinlei; Li, Yaojie; Jiang, Kailun; Luo, Zhihan; Xiong, Rui; Cheng, Hefa; Tao, Shu; Shen, Guofeng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117753

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…More than 12% of the daily data for the 70 households throughout the study period exceeded the threshold of 1000 ppm, with the maximum reaching 2960 ppm, at which level a variety of health risks can potentially occur, according to previous reports. 6,23,24 In addition to specific environments of previous wide concern, such as poorly ventilated classrooms/ offices and submarines, where CO 2 levels ranged from 680 to 2800 ppm, with maximum peak concentrations as high as several thousand ppm, 12 high indoor CO 2 exposure in rural households requires more attention.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 20% of households were equipped with exhaust hoods. 24 Monitors equipped with a CO 2 sensor were placed in a living room, bedroom, or kitchen to obtain indoor CO 2 concentrations every 2 s. The sensors were placed ∼1.5 m above the ground, 1−2 m away from the stove, and ∼0.5 m away from the wall, doors, or windows. Four sensors with rain covers were placed on the roofs of selected households to obtain outdoor data.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most households were naturally vented, and the typical layout was 1 door and 1–2 windows in the kitchen. Approximately 20% of households were equipped with exhaust hoods …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO₂ Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Liu

Men

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Nearly three billion people still rely on traditional solid fuels for daily activities, which emit large amounts of many hazardous air pollutants, as well as CO2 indoors. Indoor CO2 should not be just a proxy for air exchange, as elevated CO2 exposure could pose a variety of direct risks to human health, including mental and physiological diseases. Here, we evaluated indoor CO2 levels in rural coal-use households to test the hypothesis that the incremental CO2 associated with indoor coal use may result in chronic exposure close to harmful levels. Significantly elevated daily concentrations of indoor CO2 were observed of 750 ± 230 ppm indoors in comparison with that outdoors. More than 12% of the daily data exceeded the threshold of 1000 ppm, with a maximum of up to 2960 ppm, at which level a variety of health risks can potentially occur. Internal sources contributed ∼280 ppm to indoor CO2 exposure during the heating period, wherein ∼50% was from coal combustion. The study sheds light on the crucial role of the widespread exposure to indoor CO2 and collaboration efforts in considering CO2 as an indoor air pollutant.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO₂ Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Liu

Men

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…Presently, data on indoor air quality are far from sufficient for full exposure assessment due to the high variability found in different households and regions. Advanced real-time instruments coupled with sequential sampling technology show strong advantages in providing highly resolved indoor pollution information for typical gases and particles, as well as many secondary and hazardous air pollutants. − These novel tools enable us to conduct more accurate characterization, source identification, exposure assessment, and indoor chemistry studies. − The rapid development of sensor-based technologies, especially low-cost technologies, provides a good opportunity to fill the data gap − with attention to sensor calibration. , By deploying a large number of sensors to collect real-time data for a long period, indoor air quality on a regional scale can be much better characterized. − ,− Sensors can also be applied to capture the three-dimensional distribution and temporal variation and to identify the internal sources of indoor air pollutants. Profiling studies can be supported by a newly developed indoor lidar technology .…”

Section: Impacts On Ambient and Indoor Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Clean Residential Energy: Challenges and Priorities in Research

Tao

Shen

Cheng

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Solid fuels used for cooking, heating, and lighting are major emission sources of many air pollutants, specifically PM2.5 and black carbon, resulting in adverse environmental and health impacts. At the same time, the transition from using residential solid fuels toward using cleaner energy sources can result in significant health benefits. Here, we briefly review recent research progress on the emissions of air pollutants from the residential sector and the impacts of emissions on ambient and indoor air quality, population exposure, and health consequences. The major challenges and future research priorities are identified and discussed.

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“…Another study showed that smoking and cooking activities reached peak values in indoor PM 2.5 [38]. In addition, some studies show that the indoor PM value increases significantly through the infiltration of outdoor PMs during natural ventilation [2,27,65].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-cost air quality monitoring system based on Internet of Things for smart homes

Taştan

2022

AIS

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Global climate change and COVID-19 have changed our social and business life. People spend most of their daily lives indoors. Low-cost devices can monitor indoor air quality (IAQ) and reduce health problems caused by air pollutants. This study proposes a real-time and low-cost air quality monitoring system for smart homes based on Internet of Things (IoT). The developed IoT-based monitoring system is portable and provides users with real-time data transfer about IAQ. During the COVID-19 period, air quality data were collected from the kitchen, bedroom and balcony of their home, where a family of 5 spend most of their time. As a result of the analyzes, it has been determined that indoor particulate matter is mainly caused by outdoor infiltration and cooking emissions, and the CO2 value can rise well above the permissible health limits in case of insufficient ventilation due to night sleep activity. The obtained results show that the developed measuring devices may be suitable for measurement-based indoor air quality management. In addition, the proposed low-cost measurement system compared to existing systems; It has advantages such as modularity, scalability, low cost, portability, easy installation and open-source technologies.

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Contributions of internal emissions to peaks and incremental indoor PM2.5 in rural coal use households

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO₂ Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO₂ Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Toward Clean Residential Energy: Challenges and Priorities in Research

A low-cost air quality monitoring system based on Internet of Things for smart homes

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Contributions of internal emissions to peaks and incremental indoor PM2.5 in rural coal use households

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO2 Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO2 Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Toward Clean Residential Energy: Challenges and Priorities in Research

A low-cost air quality monitoring system based on Internet of Things for smart homes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO₂ Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels

Indoor Coal Combustion for Heating Exacerbates CO₂ Exposure Approaching Harmful Levels