Contributions of natural systems and human activity to greenhouse gas emissions

Yue, Xiliu; Gao, Qingzhu

doi:10.1016/j.accre.2018.12.003

Cited by 190 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The main sources of such emissions are natural systems and human activities. Natural systems include forest fires, earthquakes, oceans, permafrost, wetlands, mud volcanoes and volcanoes (Yue and Gao 2018), while human activities are predominantly related to energy production, industrial activities and those related to forestry, land use and land-use change (Edenhofer et al 2014). Yue and Gao statistically analysed global greenhouse gas emissions from natural systems and anthropogenic activities and concluded that the earth's natural system can be considered as selfbalancing and that anthropogenic emissions add extra pressure to the earth system (Yue and Gao 2018).…”

Section: Status Of Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review

et al. 2020

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Climate change is defined as the shift in climate patterns mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions from natural systems and human activities. So far, anthropogenic activities have caused about 1.0 °C of global warming above the pre-industrial level and this is likely to reach 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052 if the current emission rates persist. In 2018, the world encountered 315 cases of natural disasters which are mainly related to the climate. Approximately 68.5 million people were affected, and economic losses amounted to $131.7 billion, of which storms, floods, wildfires and droughts accounted for approximately 93%. Economic losses attributed to wildfires in 2018 alone are almost equal to the collective losses from wildfires incurred over the past decade, which is quite alarming. Furthermore, food, water, health, ecosystem, human habitat and infrastructure have been identified as the most vulnerable sectors under climate attack. In 2015, the Paris agreement was introduced with the main objective of limiting global temperature increase to 2 °C by 2100 and pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 °C. This article reviews the main strategies for climate change abatement, namely conventional mitigation, negative emissions and radiative forcing geoengineering. Conventional mitigation technologies focus on reducing fossil-based CO2 emissions. Negative emissions technologies are aiming to capture and sequester atmospheric carbon to reduce carbon dioxide levels. Finally, geoengineering techniques of radiative forcing alter the earth’s radiative energy budget to stabilize or reduce global temperatures. It is evident that conventional mitigation efforts alone are not sufficient to meet the targets stipulated by the Paris agreement; therefore, the utilization of alternative routes appears inevitable. While various technologies presented may still be at an early stage of development, biogenic-based sequestration techniques are to a certain extent mature and can be deployed immediately.

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Section: Status Of Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review

et al. 2020

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“…The wide variety of information about membrane composition, structure, morphology, and permeation experimental details, among others, clearly increases the complexity of a rigorous comparison. Membrane geometry: (1) tubular, (2) disc, and (3) hollow fiber.…”

Section: Literature Setting For Permeation Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human activities and lifestyles with a high industrialization level, excessive consumerism, and global mobility require large amounts of energy, mainly covered by fossil fuels that cause significant environmental problems [ 1 , 2 ]. The promotion of hydrogen as a clean energy vector could provide a very efficient strategy for realizing real decarbonization of the current energy system without compromising the continuous growth of the economy [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective H2 Separation through Electroless Pore-Plated Pd Membranes Containing Graphite Lead Barriers

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen promotion as a clean energy vector could provide an efficient strategy for realizing real decarbonization of the current energy system. Purification steps are usually required in most H2-production processes, providing the use of Pd-based membranes, particularly those supported on porous stainless steel (PSS), important advantages against other alternatives. In this work, new composite membranes were prepared by modifying PSS supports with graphite, as an intermediate layer, before incorporating a palladium film by electroless pore-plating. Fully dense Pd layers were reached, with an estimated thickness of around 17 μm. Permeation measurements were carried out in two different modes: H2 permeation from the inner to the outer side of the membrane (in–out) and in the opposite way (out–in). H2 permeances between 3.24 × 10−4 and 4.33 × 10−4 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−0.5 with αH2/N2 ≥ 10,000 were reached at 350–450 °C when permeating from the outer to the inner surface. Despite a general linear trend between permeating H2 fluxes and pressures, the predicted intercept in (0,0) by the Sieverts’ law was missed due to the partial Pd infiltration inside the pores. H2-permeances progressively decreased up to around 33% for binary H2–N2 mixtures containing 40 vol% N2 due to concentration–polarization phenomena. Finally, the good performance of these membranes was maintained after reversing the direction of the permeate flux. This fact practically demonstrates an adequate mechanical resistance despite generating tensile stress on the Pd layer during operation, which is not accomplished in other Pd membranes.

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“…In contrast to the Baikal region, there is a lot of research that has been done to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of atmospheric air in North America and Europe, including the European part of Russia [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the Baikal region, there are few such studies, and they are different because there is no integral program for monitoring air pollution that meets modern requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Variability of Small Gas Impurities over Lake Baikal during the Forest Fires in the Summer of 2019

et al. 2020

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Lake Baikal—a unique ecosystem on a global scale—is undoubtedly of great interest for a comprehensive study of its ecosystem. In recent years, one of the most significant sources of atmospheric pollution in the Baikal region was the emission of smoke aerosol and trace gases from forest fires, the number of which is increasing in the region. The transport and accumulation of aerosol and small gas impurities over water area of Lake Baikal is observed every summer due to forest fires occurring in the boreal forests of Siberia. The atmosphere above the lake covers a huge area (31,500 km2) and is still a little-studied object. This article presents the results of experimental studies of ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere over Lake Baikal, carried out on a research vessel during the boreal forest fires in Siberia in the summer of 2019.

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Contributions of natural systems and human activity to greenhouse gas emissions

Cited by 190 publications

References 79 publications

Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review

Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review

Effective H2 Separation through Electroless Pore-Plated Pd Membranes Containing Graphite Lead Barriers

Spatial-Temporal Variability of Small Gas Impurities over Lake Baikal during the Forest Fires in the Summer of 2019

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