Contributions of Nonverbal Cues to the Accurate Judgment of Personality Traits

Breil, Simon Mats; Osterholz, Sarah; Nestler, Steffen; Back, Mitja D.

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190912529.013.13

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Still, all necessary information is available. Seventh, we did not collect perceiver ratings of personality based on the voice recordings and therefore we cannot draw conclusions about whether people use voice pitch as a cue to form social impressions about other people's personality (e.g., Breil et al, 2021) or whether perceptions based on voice pitch are accurate. Investigating personality perceptions and their accuracy based on voice pitch might be another interesting avenue of future research.…”

Section: Limitations and Further Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do voices carry valid information about a speaker’s personality?

Stern

Schild

Jones

et al. 2021

Journal of Research in Personality

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Author contributions: CS came up with the study idea, JS, CS, and RCA contributed to the study design. All authors performed data collection. RCA wrote the analysis plan for which JS simulated data. CS and DF performed the voice analyses, based on scripts by DAP and DF. JS cleaned the data. RCA analyzed the data, created the codebook for all variables and the supplementary website. JS drafted the Stage 1 and the Stage 2 manuscript, RCA helped with the statistical analyses and advised the results part. All authors provided critical revisions and approved the final version of the manuscript for submission. Do voices carry valid information about a speaker's personality?

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Section: Limitations and Further Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do voices carry valid information about a speaker’s personality?

Stern

Schild

Jones

et al. 2021

Journal of Research in Personality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to classic ACs, multiple speed assessments revolve around a larger number of very short interpersonal simulations that elicit overt behavior in a standardized way. The basic idea behind multiple speed assessments is that (a) even brief behavioral observations provide assessors with enough information to make relatively accurate judgments (Breil, Osterholz, et al, 2021;Funder, 2012;Ingold et al, 2018) and (b) by increasing the number of situations/exercises (i.e., sampling behavior across a variety of contexts), the reliability and validity of the overall ratings increase (i.e., principle of aggregation; Epstein, 1983).…”

Section: Implications For Assessment Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Distinct Social Skills via Multiple Speed Assessments – A Behavior-Focused Personnel Selection Approach

Breil¹,

Forthmann²,

Back³

2021

Preprint

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Social skills (e.g., persuading others, showing compassion, staying calm) are of key importance in work and education settings. Accordingly, the goal of many selection processes is to identify candidates who excel in desired skills. For this, high-fidelity simulations such as assessment centers (ACs) are regarded as ideal procedures because they can be used to evoke, observe, and evaluate candidates’ actual behavior. However, research has repeatedly shown that observed performance differences in ACs are not sufficiently driven by the specific skill dimensions that are defined for assessment. Building on multiple speed assessments and incorporating insights from behavioral personality science, we offer an alternative approach for the reliable and valid assessment of distinct social skills. We hereby (a) selected skills on the basis of a bottom-up analysis of observable and distinguishable interpersonal behaviors and (b) specifically designed exercises around these skills (i.e., one skill per exercise, multiple exercises per skill). Here, we present initial results of this newly developed procedure across three samples in a high-stakes selection context (N = 589). Generalizability theory analyses showed that a substantial amount of variance in assessor ratings could be attributed to the selected skills. This underlines the importance of more behaviorally focused selection procedures.

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“…By weighing cues when inferring targets' individual traits (cue utilization), perceivers derive judgments for multiple social dimensions. A wide range of static physical appearance and more dynamic nonverbal cue differences have been found to predict target evaluations (see Breil et al, 2021, for an overview). However, individual differences in the static cue of facial attractiveness and in the dynamic cue of facial expressiveness (i.e., smiling) have been found to be the most powerful predictors of evaluations of targets in a large variety of judgment contexts (e.g., Back et al, 2011;Feingold, 1992;Krumhuber et al, 2007;Lau, 1982;Naumann et al, 2009;Reis et al, 1990;Todorov et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Influence Of Target Cue Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees Are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

Stecker

Bürkner

Hellmann

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

Self Cite

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The importance of first impressions for various intrapersonal, social and societal outcomes is well established. First impressions towards refugees as individual members of one of the most heatedly discussed social groups in Western societies should play a key role in facilitating or impeding successful social integration. However, this issue is currently underexplored. To help understand first impressions towards refugee individuals, we conducted two studies, in which German perceivers (total N = 938) evaluated 60 (Study 1) or 48 (Study 2) male target photos of Western individuals (presented as Germans) and Middle Eastern individuals (presented as refugees). In Study 2, we included information about targets’ religious affiliations (Christian, Muslim) and religiousness (weakly religious, devout). Targets’ facial characteristics (physical attractiveness, smiling) were coded, and perceiver attitudes (right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, right-wing political ideology) were assessed. Results showed (a) no overall devaluation of refugees or Muslims, (b) strong effects of target attractiveness and smiling on evaluations across individuals of different group affiliations, (c) strong effects of perceiver attitudes towards refugees and Muslims, and (d) no interactive effects of perceiver attitudes and target cues on evaluations. It is important to note that these results should not be interpreted as any doubt about the profound experiences of discrimination and prejudices faced by minorities such as refugees. Instead, they underline the utility of an individual differences approach to better understand the circumstances under which devaluations of minoritized individuals suchs as refugees are amplified or reduced.

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Contributions of Nonverbal Cues to the Accurate Judgment of Personality Traits

Cited by 36 publications

References 129 publications

Do voices carry valid information about a speaker’s personality?

Do voices carry valid information about a speaker’s personality?

Measuring Distinct Social Skills via Multiple Speed Assessments – A Behavior-Focused Personnel Selection Approach

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees Are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

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