Contributions of representational distinctiveness and stability to memory performance and age differences

Sommer, Verena; Sander, Myriam C.

doi:10.1080/13825585.2021.2019184

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Extending previous studies showing age-related neural dedifferentiation for visual memory (Bowman et al, 2019 ; Koen et al, 2020 ; Sommer and Sander, 2022 ), our findings suggest that age differences in true and false memories following auditory learning are associated with reduced neural discriminability in primary auditory cortex and reduced prefrontal monitoring during memory retrieval. The present study used multivariate and univariate analyses to investigate the aging effect on neural discriminability in the sensory cortex and prefrontal monitoring process in a visual recognition test after hearing words.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Age Effects on Neural Discriminability and Monitoring Process During Memory Retrieval for Auditory Words

Shao

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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After hearing a list of words (e.g., dream, awake, and bed), older adults tended to have more difficulty than younger adults in distinguishing targets (e.g., dream) from lures (e.g., sleep) and foils (e.g., pen) in a visual recognition test. Age-related reduction in neural discriminability in the visual cortex has been linked to deficits in memory discriminability of pictures. However, no study has examined age differences in auditory discrimination and prefrontal monitoring during true and false memory retrieval after hearing words. The current study used a visual recognition test following an auditory study of words and showed that older adults had lower true recognition and higher propensity for high-confidence false recognition compared to young adults. Using classification-based multivariate pattern analysis for functional neuroimaging data during memory retrieval, we found that neural activation patterns in the primary auditory cortex could be used to distinguish between auditorily-studied targets and unstudied lures in young adults, but not in older adults. Moreover, prefrontal monitoring for lures was weaker in older adults as compared to young adults. Individual differences analysis showed that neural discriminability in the primary auditory cortex was positively related to true recognition, whereas prefrontal activation for lures was negatively related to the propensity for high-confidence false recognition in young adults but not in older adults. Together, age differences in true and false memories following auditory study are associated with reduced neural discriminability in the primary auditory cortex and reduced prefrontal monitoring during retrieval.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Age Effects on Neural Discriminability and Monitoring Process During Memory Retrieval for Auditory Words

Shao

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…The age-related decreases in behavioural memory precision observed here and in previous studies 9,11,12 parallel neuroimaging evidence indicating age-related reductions in the specificity of neural representations during both memory encoding and retrieval 48,82–86 . An interesting question for future studies to address is whether reduced fidelity of neural representations in the AG during retrieval may in part explain the reductions in memory precision seen in ageing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Reduced memory precision in older age is associated with functional and structural differences in the angular gyrus

Korkki

Richter

Gellersen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Growing evidence indicates decreased fidelity of mnemonic representations to play a role in age-related episodic memory deficits, yet the brain mechanisms underlying such reductions remain unexplored. Using functional and structural neuroimaging and a continuous report task we examined how changes in two key nodes of the posterior-medial memory network, the hippocampus and the angular gyrus, might underpin loss of memory precision in older age. An age-related reduction in activity reflecting successful memory retrieval was observed in the hippocampus, whereas activity associated with graded variation in memory precision was decreased in the angular gyrus. Grey matter volume of the angular gyrus further predicted individual differences in memory precision in older age, beyond variation in successful memory retrieval. These findings highlight the importance of functional and structural integrity of the angular gyrus in constraining memory precision in older age, advancing current understanding of hippocampal and parietal contributions to age-related episodic memory decline.

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“…By examining the distinct neural patterns related to specific memory behaviors, such as associative recollection, we can gain further insight into how unique representations during encoding lead to successful memory. Similar representations within an encoding condition indicate that trials within that condition share overlapping representations of information, which is to be expected when representing several related items from the same category (Kriegeskorte & Kievit, 2013;Sommer & Sander, 2022). However, when information is more distinctly processed in memory, neural patterns will represent this uniqueness, reflected in less overlapping representation within a category of stimuli and instead, more distinct patterns of neural activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…That is, neural representation for similar information can differ as a function of how information is processed at encoding. The examination of neural patterns also gives insight on the distinctiveness of different memory processes and how neural representations contribute to and support episodic memory performance (Sommer & Sander, 2022). By examining the distinct neural patterns related to specific memory behaviors, such as associative recollection, we can gain further insight into how unique representations during encoding lead to successful memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural distinctiveness and discriminability in regions of the core network representations support associative unitization

Steinkrauss

Carpenter

Tarkenton

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Previous work has suggested unitized pairs behave as a single unit and more critically, are processed neurally different than those of associative memories. The current works examines the neural differences between unitization and associative memory using fMRI and multivoxel analyses. Specifically, we examined the differences across face-occupation pairings as a function of whether the pairing was viewed as a person performing the given job (unitized binding) or a person saying they knew someone who had a particular job (associative binding). The results show that at encoding, the angular gyrus can discriminate between unitized and associative target trials. Additionally, during encoding, the medial temporal lobe (hippocampus and perirhinal cortex), frontal parietal regions (angular gyrus and medial frontal gyrus) and visual regions (middle occipital cortex) exhibit distinct neural patterns to recollected unitized and associative targets. Furthermore, the medial frontal gyrus and middle occipital cortex show greater neural similarity for recollected unitized trials than those of recollected associative trials. We conclude that visually unitized pairs may enhance unitization in older adults due to greater similarity of trials within the same condition during the encoding process.

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Contributions of representational distinctiveness and stability to memory performance and age differences

Cited by 19 publications

References 132 publications

Age Effects on Neural Discriminability and Monitoring Process During Memory Retrieval for Auditory Words

Age Effects on Neural Discriminability and Monitoring Process During Memory Retrieval for Auditory Words

Reduced memory precision in older age is associated with functional and structural differences in the angular gyrus

Neural distinctiveness and discriminability in regions of the core network representations support associative unitization

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