Contributions of the inside and outside leg to maintenance of curvilinear motion on a natural turf surface

Smith, Neal; Dyson, Rosemary; Hale, Tudor; Janaway, Lee

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.11.007

Cited by 34 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This finding is in line with our previous kinematics study on a different participant group, which also showed more turning was achieved during the left step than the right (Churchill et al, 2015). Furthermore, the present results contradict previous research that found the outer (right) leg generated greater peak inward forces than the inside leg during maximal effort sprinting on radii of up to 6 m (Chang & Kram, 2007) and during running (∼5 m/s) on a curved path of 5 m radius on turf (Smith et al, 2006). The tightness of the radii may account for the differences between those studies (Smith et al, 2006;Chang & Kram, 2007) and the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Force production during maximal effort bend sprinting: Theory vs reality

Churchill

Trewartha

Bezodis

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study investigated whether the “constant limb force” hypothesis can be applied to bend sprinting on an athletics track and to understand how force production influences performance on the bend compared with the straight. Force and three‐dimensional video analyses were conducted on seven competitive athletes during maximal effort sprinting on the bend (radius 37.72 m) and straight. Left step mean peak vertical and resultant force decreased significantly by 0.37 body weight (BW) and 0.21 BW, respectively, on the bend compared with the straight. Right step force production was not compromised in the same way, and some athletes demonstrated substantial increases in these variables on the bend. More inward impulse during left (39.9 ± 6.5 Ns) than right foot contact (24.7 ± 5.8 Ns) resulted in 1.6° more turning during the left step on the bend. There was a 2.3% decrease in velocity from straight to bend for both steps. The constant limb force hypothesis is not entirely valid for maximal effort sprinting on the bend. Also, the force requirements of bend sprinting are considerably different to straight‐line sprinting and are asymmetrical in nature. Overall, bend‐specific strength and technique training may improve performance during this portion of 200‐ and 400‐m races.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…(). However, the left step contributed more than the right step to the generation of inward impulses and turning, contradicting studies of small radii (Smith et al., ; Chang & Kram, ). Resultant force increased during the right foot contact, although step velocity reduced because of shorter step length.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Force production during maximal effort bend sprinting: Theory vs reality

Churchill

Trewartha

Bezodis

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Our findings are consistent with studies that have determined that the outside leg generated greater peak lateral GRFs 12,30 and larger lateral impulses 27,30 compared to the inside leg. Our findings are also consistent with a study that observed that the trunk lean angle increases while the outside foot is on the ground and decreases when the inside foot is on the ground.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Other researchers have identified that running speed influences the ground reaction forces 30 and the muscle activation levels, 44,48 so our findings only reflect running at a steady 3000 m race pace (5 m/s). Accordingly our findings may not be applicable to running at other speeds, at other track radii, while accelerating, or on banked tracks.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 65%

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The Gluteus Medius Activation in Female Indoor Track Runners is Asymmetrical and May be Related to Injury Risk

Nevison¹,

Jün²,

Dickey³

2015

Sport Exerc Med Open J

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CitationNevison SE, Jun Y, Dickey JP. The gluteus medius activation in female indoor track runners is asymmetrical and may be related to injury risk. ResearchPage 27 ABSTRACTTrack runners train and compete solely in the counter clockwise direction around the track. These repetitive motions place track runners at risk of "over-use" injury, but strength differences place females at greater risk than males. This study was conducted to evaluate the asymmetry of gluteus medius muscle activation patterns in female runners as they run around the curves of an unbanked 200 m track. Wireless surface electromyography (EMG) sensors were adhered to the skin overlaying the gluteus medius. Participants' muscle activation was recorded as they ran two 200 m trials at a pace of 5±0.5 m/s and walked 200 m at a chosen pace. Each participant's EMG for the running strides was normalized to the average amplitude of their walking trials. There were significant increases in muscle activation of the outside (right) gluteus medius when athletes ran on the curves compared to the straightaways (359.1 percent of walking ±132.8 and 324.7±102.6 respectively, p=0.015). There was a trend for decreases in muscle activation of the inside (left) gluteus medius when athletes ran on the curves compared to the straightaways (449.2 percent of walking ±136.1 and 469.4±132.6 and respectively, p=0.065). These data suggest that the gluteus medius abducted the outside (right) leg to contribute to the lateral forces necessary to run around the curve. The muscular demands for the two legs are different, and are consistent with observed injury patterns. This loading pattern and mechanism of injury may be useful for guiding training and rehabilitation strategies.

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