Contributions of the mesial frontal cortex to the premovement potentials associated with intermittent hand movements in humans

The Role of Higher-Order Motor Areas in Voluntary Movement as Revealed by High-Resolution EEG and fMRI

“…Some of the authors think that the lateral sources are stronger than the medial sources (Toro et al, 1993); others think that medial and lateral sources contribute in the same order of magnitude (Praamstra et al, 1996). Several authors suggest that the medial sources contribute more to the scalp potentials than the lateral sources (Tarkka, 1994;Knösche et al, 1996;Mackinnon et al, 1996). In some of the subjects we examined, the medial sources were stronger than the lateral sources, while in others the medial source was weaker.…”

“…It was argued that the SMA, although active, did not contribute significantly to the scalp-recorded potentials. Although since then a growing number of studies have shown sources located near the medial wall motor areas (Knösche et al, 1996;Mackinnon et al, 1996;Praamstra et al, 1996;Tarkka, 1994;Toro et al, 1993;Urbano et al, 1996), this question could not be settled completely. Our results show EEG sources in the medial wall motor areas in all six subjects investigated, and these results could be individually cross-validated using fMRI.…”

“…Most previous EEG source reconstruction studies of self-paced movement-related activity used spatiotemporal multidipole modeling (Böcker et al, 1994;Bötzel et al, 1993;Praamstra et al, 1996;Tarkka, 1994;Toro et al, 1993;Mackinnon et al, 1996). Due to this approach a constraint on the number of sources, i.e., current dipoles, had to be used.…”

Defective inhibition and inter‐regional phase synchronization in pianists with musician's dystonia: An EEG study

“…Our data, thus, emphasize the role of the mesial frontocentral cortex, including the region of the SMA, in the activation and deactivation of motor programs. Recent studies relating the SMA activation to MRCP amplitude changes have emphasized the role of frontocentral midline electrodes (Fcz and Cz) for various motor behaviors [MacKinnon et al,1996; Marsden et al,1996]. Regarding inhibitory processes, new findings show that the SMA mediates inhibition of motor plans [Sumner et al,2007].…”

Role of the Premotor Cortex in Recovery From Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

“…51,52 The frontomesial cortex, including the SMA, is activated in normal subjects during initiation, selection, and continuous execution of simple and complex movements. [53][54][55] The additional activation of the prefrontal cortex was probably related to a more complex involvement in learning-associated plasticity. That is, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is engaged initially during normal motor learning, but then declines rapidly as the task becomes more automatic.…”