Control and display combinations for blind vertical landings

Schroeder, Jeffery A.; Merrick, V. K.

doi:10.2514/3.20901

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the design of the hover cue dynamics, it has been assumed that three coincident real-axis roots between aircraft velocity and stick position produced desirable dynamics [42]. The positioning of the hover cue followed this assumption where the pilot applies compensation to control the hover cue in a position (x) closure task ( Figure 10).…”

Section: Hover Cue Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• As detailed in [42], the relationship between the velocity scaling and the display scaling (in addition of the bandwidth parameter) effectively specify the speed of the position loop closure response. For the selected bandwidth, root locus calculations for the assumed loop closure task dictated that a well-damped loop gain, should be 0.065 (which provided a damping ratio of 0.85).…”

Section: Figure 10: Illustration Of Hover Symbologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hover cue closely follows from rotorcraft work [42] with adaptation for a non-atmospheric flying vehicle as described in the following. The cue is, in essence, a flight director.…”

Section: Hover Cue Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Handling qualities implications for crewed spacecraft operations

Bailey

Jackson

Arthur

2012

2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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Abstract-Handling qualities embody those qualities or characteristics of an aircraft that govern the ease and precision with which a pilot is able to perform the tasks required in support of an aircraft role. These same qualities are as critical, if not more so, in the operation of spacecraft.A research, development, test, and evaluation process was put into effect to identify, understand, and interpret the engineering and human factors principles which govern the pilot-vehicle dynamic system as they pertain to space exploration missions and tasks. Toward this objective, piloted simulations were conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center and Ames Research Center for earth-orbit proximity operations and docking and lunar landing.These works provide broad guidelines for the design of spacecraft to exhibit excellent handling characteristics. In particular, this work demonstrates how handling qualities include much more than just stability and control characteristics of a spacecraft or aircraft. Handling qualities are affected by all aspects of the "pilot-vehicle dynamic system," including the motion, visual and aural cues of the vehicle response as the pilot performs the required operation or task. A holistic approach to spacecraft design, including the use of manual control, automatic control, and pilot intervention/supervision is described. The handling qualities implications of design decisions are demonstrated using these pilot-in-the-loop evaluations of docking operations and lunar landings.

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Section: Hover Cue Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 10: Illustration Of Hover Symbologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Handling qualities implications for crewed spacecraft operations

Bailey

Jackson

Arthur

2012

2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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Part-task simulation of synthetic and enhanced vision concepts for lunar landing

et al. 2010

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During Apollo, the constraints placed by the design of the Lunar Module (LM) window for crew visibility and landing trajectory were "a major problem." Lunar landing trajectories were tailored to provide crew visibility using nearly 70 degrees look-down angle from the canted LM windows. Apollo landings were scheduled only at specific times and locations to provide optimal sunlight on the landing site.The complications of trajectory design and crew visibility are still a problem today. Practical vehicle designs for lunar lander missions using optimal or near-optimal fuel trajectories render the natural vision of the crew from windows inadequate for the approach and landing task. Further, the sun angles for the desirable landing areas in the lunar polar regions create visually powerful, season-long shadow effects. Fortunately, Synthetic and Enhanced Vision (S/EV) technologies, conceived and developed in the aviation domain, may provide solutions to this visibility problem and enable additional benefits for safer, more efficient lunar operations. Piloted simulation evaluations have been conducted to assess the handling qualities of the various lunar landing concepts, including the influence of cockpit displays and the informational data and formats. Evaluation pilots flew various landing scenarios with S/EV displays. For some of the evaluation trials, an eye glasses-mounted, monochrome monocular display, coupled with head tracking, was worn. The head-worn display scene consisted of S/EV fusion concepts.The results of this experiment showed that a head-worn system did not increase the pilot's workload when compared to using just the head-down displays. As expected, the head-worn system did not provide an increase in performance measures. Some pilots commented that the head-worn system provided greater situational awareness compared to just head-down displays.

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Improvements in Hover Display Dynamics for a Combat Helicopter

Eshow

Schroeder

1993

j am helicopter soc

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This paper describes a piloted simulation conducted on the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the handling qualities benefits attainable using new display law design methods for hover displays. The new display laws provide improved methods to specify the behavior of the display symbol that predicts the vehicle's ground velocity in the horizontal plane; it is the primary symbol that the pilot uses to control aircraft horizontal position. The display law design was applied to the Apache helmet-mounted display format, using the Apache vehicle dynamics to tailor the dynamics of the velocity predictor symbol. The representations of the Apache vehicle used in the display design process and in the simulation were derived from flight data. During the simulation, the new symbol dynamics were seen to improve the pilots' ability to maneuver about hover in poor visual cuing environments. The improvements were manifested in pilot handling qualities ratings and in measured task performance. The paper details the display design techniques, the experiment design and conduct, and the results.

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Control and display combinations for blind vertical landings

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Handling qualities implications for crewed spacecraft operations

Handling qualities implications for crewed spacecraft operations

Part-task simulation of synthetic and enhanced vision concepts for lunar landing

Improvements in Hover Display Dynamics for a Combat Helicopter

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