Control and elimination of rabies in Europe: challenges and strategies for a rabies-free Europe

Müller, Thomas; Freuling, Conrad Martin; Stoffel, Carla; Torres, Gregorio

doi:10.20506/tt.2553

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In the mid-20th century, when Europe was in the final stages of eliminating canine rabies, intervention measures were challenged by the inexorable spread of fox-mediated rabies (Lloyd 1976;Pastoret et al 2004;M€ uller et al 2012). Since the first estimated occurrence during the 1930s, fox rabies spread in Europe over 80 yr to an area estimated at 4.7 million km 2 .…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in North America, awareness and management shifted forcibly to wildlife rabies from mid-century onwards (Rupprecht et al 2008;M€ uller et al 2012). Considering the vast geographical area affected by wildlife rabies and the failure of other, less ethical management techniques (e.g., unrestricted population reduction, fumigation of fox dens, and broad poisoning of foxes), ORV was proven to be the ideal option for rabies control in fox populations (Aubert 1992;Rupprecht et al 2001).…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both vaccines and baits were under development and subject to improvement (European Commission 2002;Freuling et al 2019). The current, more refined ORV strategy relied heavily on both primary research and simple trial and error in the field, especially in the early stages, complemented by a lively exchange of experiences with other research groups, always communicating setbacks and lessons learned (Aubert 1994;Rupprecht et al 2008;M€ uller et al 2012).…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Global Perspective on Oral Vaccination of Wildlife Against Rabies

Rupprecht,

Buchanan,

Cliquet

et al. 2024

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Global Perspective on Oral Vaccination of Wildlife Against Rabies

Rupprecht,

Buchanan,

Cliquet

et al. 2024

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Mass vaccination of dogs as a key component of national rabies elimination programmes has been successful in eliminating dog-transmitted rabies in Europe, North and Latin America, and Japan 49–51. By far, the most significant public health threat comes from RABV, and over 99% of all globally reported human cases are caused by exposure to unvaccinated dogs infected with canine RABV variant, mostly in Asia and Africa 52…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the feasibility of reaching 70% dog vaccination coverage has been shown through pilot projects in a wide range of settings, African countries still struggle to achieve a 70% yearly dog vaccination rate 10 14. In Africa, dog mass vaccination systems have demonstrated some effectiveness as a proof of principle in countries such as South Africa,49–64 Tanzania,49 65–67 Malawi49 68 and Chad 54 69–71…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review was to map the current situation and available evidence and gaps on rabies morbidity, mortality, integrated rabies surveillance programmes, and existing prevention and control strategies in Africa.MethodsWe conducted a systematic scoping review following the Joanna Briggs methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. Medline, Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOHost), Scopus, Web of Science and rabies web conferences were used to search for peer-reviewed publications between January 1946 and May 2020. Two researchers reviewed the studies and extracted data based on author (year) and region, study design and data collection duration, participants/comparators, interventions, control conditions/exposures and outcomes (rabies mortality and morbidity) and key findings/gaps/challenges. The results were reported narratively using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework.ResultsElectronic search yielded 2775 records, of which 43 studies were included. A total of 543 714 bite victims were censored through the included studies. Most of the victims were less than 15 years of age. The studies included rabies morbidity (21) and mortality (15) fluctuating in space and time across Africa depending on countries’ rabies prevention and control practices (16). Others were surveillance (nine studies); surveillance and prevention (five studies); management and control (seven studies); and surveillance, prevention and control (six studies). We found challenges in rabies reporting, existing dog vaccination programmes and post-exposure prophylaxis availability or compliance.ConclusionThis study found challenges for dog rabies control and elimination in Africa and the need for a policy to drive the goal of zero dog-transmitted rabies to humans by 2030.This is an open-access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build on this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated and the use is non-commercial (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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Genomic Surveillance of Rabies Virus in Georgian Canines

Huaman,

Paskey,

Clouse

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that is considered a re-emerging infectious disease. Although rabies remains endemic in canines throughout much of the world, vaccination programs have essentially eliminated dog rabies in the Americas and much of Europe. However, despite the goal of eradicating dog rabies in the European Union by 2020, sporadic cases of dog rabies still occur in Eastern Europe, including Georgia. To assess the genetic diversity of strains recently circulating in Georgia, we sequenced 78 RABV-positive samples from brain tissues of rabid dogs and jackals using Illumina short-read sequencing of total RNA shotgun libraries. Seventy-seven RABV genomes were successfully assembled and annotated, 74 of them to the coding complete status. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleoprotein (N) and attachment glycoprotein (G) genes placed all the assembled genomes into the Cosmopolitan clade, consistent with the Georgian origin of the samples. Amino acid alignment of the G glycoprotein ectodomain identified twelve different sequences for this domain among the samples. Only one of the ectodomain groups contained a residue change in an antigenic site, an R264H change in the G5 antigenic site. Three isolates were cultured, and these were found to be efficiently neutralized by human monoclonal antibody A6. Overall, our data show that recently circulating RABV isolates from Georgian canines are predominantly closely related phylogroup I viruses of the Cosmopolitan clade. Current rabies vaccines should offer protection against infection by Georgian canine RABVs. The genomes have been deposited in GenBank (accessions: OQ603609-OQ603685).

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Control and elimination of rabies in Europe: challenges and strategies for a rabies-free Europe

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

A Global Perspective on Oral Vaccination of Wildlife Against Rabies

A Global Perspective on Oral Vaccination of Wildlife Against Rabies

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: a case for integrated rabies disease surveillance, prevention and control: a scoping review

Genomic Surveillance of Rabies Virus in Georgian Canines

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