“…As summarized by Wennerstrom [3], slots might be expected to have some positive benefit only at lower aspect ratios and lower Mach numbers; slots at mid-span could show relative effectiveness and slots near the end walls demonstrated ineffectiveness, which was mainly attributed to their inability to reduce the large secondary flows in the wall regions. Since then, many efforts for flow control were carried out to improve performance in highly loaded compressors using various methods, such as boundary layer aspiration [11][12][13], plasma [14,15], fluidic actuators [16], synthetic and continuous jets [17], vortex generator jets [18,19], Coanda jet flaps [20], whole span slot [21], leading-edge tubercles [22], endwall fence [23], vortex generator [24], blended blades with endwall contouring [25], and streamwise grooves [26]. However, these methods have not been widely used due to requirements of additional devices or limitations of operating range.…”