Control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease

Sutmöller, P.; Barteling, Simon S; Olascoaga, R. Casas; Sumption, Keith

doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00262-9

Cited by 267 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Regular vaccination and restriction of animal movement are the major mode of disease control. Stamping out and strict zoo sanitary measures have also been adopted in America [64] and some other countries to eradicate the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

et al. 2012

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary, economically devastating and highly contagious viral disease of livestock, most importantly cattle, buffalo and pig. The disease also affects goats, sheep, wild ruminant species and elephants. The causative FMD virus is antigenically diverse having seven distinct serotypes and many variants within them. Being a single stranded RNA virus, it confirms the quasispecies nature with emergences and reemergences of different genetic lineages with altered antigenicity within the serotypes, making vaccination based control programme a high cost effective, time consuming and difficult to achieve. As per the OIE and FAO, the disease is a major threat to food security of the world, and particularly the countries having the disease are more prone to food insecurity. Further, FMD free status is an indicator of development, and all developed countries are free from it. The disease is endemic in India and three serotypes of the virus viz; O, A and Asia1 are circulating. Annual direct loss due to FMD in India has been estimated at Rs. 20,000 crores. Many countries in the world are now free from FMD with or without vaccination and presence of the disease in other neighboring countries is a major threat to them. Countries having FMD face trade barrier posed by FMD free countries, causing heavy economic loss to the livestock industry. Progressive control pathway has been developed by FAO for global eradication of FMD. Vaccination based FMD control programme is in operation in India which involves biannual vaccinations of all cattle and buffaloes in selected areas, regular active surveillance and antibody monitoring in vaccinated population with the objective of creating FMD free zones. At present, the disease occurrence, severity of the clinical disease and number of outbreaks have progressively and substantially declined in the control zones as a result of last 10 rounds of vaccination with an oil adjuvanted trivalent inactivated vaccine. In this review, FMD scenario in India and in the world is briefed. Besides, the measures taken for the control and eradication of this devastating disease is presented. Besides, the initial success achieved through the FMD control programme in India, a road map for the control and eradication of FMD at national level is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

et al. 2012

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“…(deer) varies from unapparent or mild in some species to more severe in others [28]. Deer have been infected both naturally and experimentally 2 [14,16,28], and deer-to-deer and deer-to-cattle transmission has been observed [34]. Experimentally infected whitetailed deer exhibited intermediate disease 2 severity compared with susceptible livestock species (i.e., between cattle, sheep, and goats) and approximately 10% of those infected in a 1924 outbreak in California displayed typical signs of FMD infection 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It required two years to eradicate the disease from the local deer population, and more than 22 000 deer were slaughtered 2 [21]. During the 2001 FMD outbreak in the UK, it was feared that a number of the deer species in the country (red, fallow) might become infected and potentially act as a reservoir for the disease [5,34]. A similar concern was also expressed in the Netherlands during the 2001 FMD outbreak [11,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representation of animal distributions in space: how geostatistical estimates impact simulation modeling of foot-and-mouth disease spread

2008

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-Modeling potential disease spread in wildlife populations is important for predicting, responding to and recovering from a foreign animal disease incursion. To make spatial epidemic predictions, the target animal species of interest must first be represented in space. We conducted a series of simulation experiments to determine how estimates of the spatial distribution of white-tailed deer impact the predicted magnitude and distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. Outbreaks were simulated using a susceptible-infected-recovered geographic automata model. The study region was a 9-county area (24 000 km 2 ) of southern Texas. Methods used for creating deer distributions included dasymetric mapping, kriging and remotely sensed image analysis. The magnitudes and distributions of the predicted outbreaks were evaluated by comparing the median number of deer infected and median area affected (km 2 ), respectively. The methods were further evaluated for similar predictive power by comparing the model predicted outputs with unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering. There were significant differences in the estimated number of deer in the study region, based on the geostatistical estimation procedure used (range: 385 939-768 493). There were also substantial differences in the predicted magnitude of the FMD outbreaks (range: 1 563-8 896) and land area affected (range: 56-447 km 2 ) for the different estimated animal distributions. UPGMA clustering indicated there were two main groups of distributions, and one outlier. We recommend that one distribution from each of these two groups be used to model the range of possible outbreaks. Methods included in cluster 1 (such as county-level disaggregation) could be used in conjunction with any of the methods in cluster 2, which included kriging, NDVI split by ecoregion, or disaggregation at the regional level, to represent the variability in the model predicted outbreak distributions. How animal populations are represented needs to be considered in all spatial disease spread models.spatial modeling / epidemic modeling / deer density / sensitivity analysis

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“…The degree to which immunity induced by one virus is effective against another is largely dependent on the antigenic differences between them. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an example of an antigenically variable pathogen that infects many species of cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle, sheep, pigs and goats, and remains a potent threat to agricultural livestock (Sutmoller et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure of the 3C protease from South African Territories type 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus

Yang

Leen

Maree

et al. 2016

Preprint

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The replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is dependent on the virus-encoded 3C protease (3Cpro). As in other picornaviruses, 3Cpro performs most of the proteolytic processing of the polyprotein expressed from the single open reading frame in the RNA genome of the virus. Previous work revealed that the 3Cpro from serotype A – one of the seven serotypes of FMDV – adopts a trypsin-like fold. Phylogenetically the FMDV serotypes are grouped into two clusters, with O, A, C, and Asia 1 in one, and the three South African Territories serotypes, (SAT-1, SAT-2 and SAT-3) in another. We report here the cloning, expression and purification of 3C proteases from four SAT serotype viruses (SAT2/GHA/8/91, SAT1/NIG/5/81, SAT1/UGA/1/97, and SAT2/ZIM/7/83) and the crystal structure at 3.2 Å resolution of 3Cpro from SAT2/GHA/8/91)

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Control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease

Cited by 267 publications

References 99 publications

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

Foot-and-mouth Disease: Global Status and Future Road Map for Control and Prevention in India

Representation of animal distributions in space: how geostatistical estimates impact simulation modeling of foot-and-mouth disease spread

Crystal structure of the 3C protease from South African Territories type 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus

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