Control and Prevention of Inter-Zonal Flow

Bearden, W.G.; Spurlock, J.W.; Howard, George C.

doi:10.2118/903-pa

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Bearden et al 3 showed that static bond strengths are generally equal to or less than the pressure applied during curing (Table 4 and Fig. 25).…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…PTL pressurized both the inside and outside of the casing during curing, which resulted in bond strengths that at ambient conditions. Bearden et al, 3 in work shortly following this, used models that were cured under various combinations of internal casing and annular pressures. They reported bond strengths of 200 to 3,100 psig [1.4 to 21.4 MPa], with the best case being one of high annular pressure and ambient internal pressure (maximum pressure differential across the casing wall).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note, however, that the more rigorous approach "Tests show that even when the most up-todate cement types and techniques are used, leakage can and will occur in a significant number of cases." Major causes of leakage * Microchanneling in cement (5) Poor cementing job (4) Failed wellhead seals (3) Casing-thread/collar leakage (2) Charged shallow zones (2) Poor casing/cement bond (2) Collar leaks above cement top (2) External casing packers (2) Casing shoe leaks (2) Permeable thief zones (1) Miscellaneous completion problems (1) Sloughing shale zone (1) Differential coefficients of expansion between steel and cement (1) Loose connections (1) Corrosion (1) Injection/withdrawal pressure changes (1) Swamp gas (1) Coal gas (1) Improper mud removal before cementing (1) How annular leakage was controlled Perforate and squeeze cementing (8) Run liner (4) Repack wellheads (3) Monitor pressures (2) Vent and/or blowdown (2) Well logging (1) Not controlled (1) Collars/packers (1) Remove and replace bad connections (1) Plug well (1) Limit pressure differential across caprock (1) Eliminate external casing packers (1) Torque-turn monitoring of connection makeup (1) Recondition well (1) Annulus rupture disks to relieve pressure (1) Casing patches over collar leaks (1) 'Numbers in parentheses represent the number of times this response was given. may provide greater statistical differentiation of the data.…”

Section: Industry Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cement Bonding Characteristics in Gas Wells

Marlow

1989

Journal of Petroleum Technology

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A program was performed to study the effects of cyclic pressure/temperature fluctuations of gas storage wells on annular leakage. A review of pertinent literature was conducted, and operators of gas storage wells were surveyed to determine their experience in the area. Results indicated that for most of the gas storage wells currently in operation, surface leakage is not a problem. Where leakage is reported, cyclic fluctuations do not appear to be a significant cause. In the majority of cases, leakage occurs within the first few cycles, indicating that it is caused more by static than by dynamic loads. The only variables found to correlate with leakage at a high level of significance were depth and bottomhole pressure (BHP). Wells that leaked tended to be deeper and had higher pressures than those that did not. The only way to stop leakage effectively at these higher pressures is the use of mechanical sealing mechanisms.

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“…Bearden et al 3 showed that static bond strengths are generally equal to or less than the pressure applied during curing (Table 4 and Fig. 25).…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industry Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cement Bonding Characteristics in Gas Wells

Marlow

1989

Journal of Petroleum Technology

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“…Temperatures do not evolve with time (due to thermal exchange, for instance). As a consequence, using formula (1), (2), and (7), allows drawing on the same diagram and for any interface ( Figure 4) the following features:…”

Section: Src Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Wellbore Cement Sheath Design Using the SRC (System Response Curve) Method

Fourmaintraux

Bois²,

franco³

et al. 2005

All Days

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractInter-zonal flow of fluids behind cemented casings has plagued the EP industry for years. This has led to the development of many models, but there is still a need for a unified and practical method to design cement sheaths.Three leakage categories can be distinguished depending on the physical state of the cement when leakage occurs, and this paper focuses on modeling cement sheaths while in solid state (CSSS). It shows first that predictive simulations are not very efficient, even if tremendous improvements have been made the past ten years. Then, a new modeling method (inspired from the Convergence-Confinement Method for designing of tunnel supports) is introduced, the SRC (System Response curve) method, that simplifies CSSS modeling. Using a case of history, where SRC method has been used to help in designing a well, the paper highlights the importance of pore pressure and shrinkage in predictive cement-sheath modeling.

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“…Annular fluid migration due to a pressure imbalance has been known to be one of the troublesome problems during the drilling or well completion process. Gas migration is probably the most dangerous and the most frequent kind of annular fluid migration, where gas tends to move to a zone with lower pressure or the surface (Bearden et al [1], Carter and Slagle [2], Sutton et al [3]). Although incomplete mud removal is not the main culprit of this problem, efficient mud removal or proper cementing is one of the major prerequisites for prevention of gas migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cement Placement: An Overview of Fluid Displacement Techniques and Modelling

et al. 2021

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During drilling operations, effective displacement of fluids can provide high-quality cementing jobs, ensuring zonal isolation and strong bonding of cement with casing and formation. Poor cement placements due to incomplete mud removal can potentially lead to multiple critical operational problems and serious environmental hazards. Therefore, efficient mud removal and displacement of one fluid by another one is a crucial task that should be designed and optimized properly to guarantee the zonal isolation and integrity of the cement sheath. The present work provides an overview of the research performed on mud removal and cement placement to help the industry achieve better cementing jobs. An extensive number of investigations have been conducted in order to find some key techniques for minimizing the cement contamination and obtaining maximum displacement efficiency. Yet, even after implementing those techniques, the industry happens to encounter poor cementing jobs. The present review aims to assist with evaluating the current theories, methodologies, and practical techniques, in order to possibly identify the research gaps and facilitate the way for further improvements.

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Control and Prevention of Inter-Zonal Flow

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Cement Bonding Characteristics in Gas Wells

Cement Bonding Characteristics in Gas Wells

Efficient Wellbore Cement Sheath Design Using the SRC (System Response Curve) Method

Cement Placement: An Overview of Fluid Displacement Techniques and Modelling

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