Control and real-time optimization of an automotive hybrid fuel cell power system

Energy control strategies for the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Source under unknown load profile

“…The FuelFr control could be necessary for some FC applications because the hydrogen tank is limited and it is unpractical to recycle the unreacted hydrogen [49]. The air control is usually used to improve the energy efficiency of the FC system [50,51].…”

Dynamic programming technique for optimizing fuel cell hybrid vehicles

“…The total sum of forces F T acting on the wheels are the aerodynamic force F w , the force of rolling resistance or friction losses F r , the force due to inclination or load slope F i and the acceleration force F a . These forces are described in equations (14)e (18). The power demanded by the vehicle as a function of speed at the level of the wheels is given in equation (19).…”

A Hybrid Real-Time Command Governor Supervisory Scheme for Constrained Control Systems

“…Therefore, a computer-controlled system needs to incorporate, in accordance with the requirements of the chosen application, Manuscript a wide variety of often conflicting functional/nonfunctional objectives and it is then natural to characterize all these setups within a real-time framework [29], [34]. Examples of real-time applications are numerous in literature ranging from manufacturing control, robot operations in hazardous environments or life-threatening situations, cruise control in cars and planes, multimedia/telecommunications, surveillance/monitoring, and so on [12], [21], [24]. The main motivations behind a real-time control scheme can be summarized as: complex and often conflicting objectives (such as functionality, timeliness, fault-tolerance), a significant parallelism degree and, in some cases, the integration of multiple existing large-scale systems.…”